FLO4673642: Costume of a English page, 14th century. He wears a plumed velvet toque, green surcoat, leotard in different colours, and dagger (misericorde). From the Gaignieres collection. Handcoloured copperplate drawn and engraved by Leopold Massard from “” French Costumes from KingClovis to Our Days,”” Massard, Mifliez, Paris, 1834., Massard, Leopold (1812-1889) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4673664: English noblewoman, 14th century. She wears her hair in a bignon, and a simple fitted gown with long hanging sleeves. From the Gaignieres collection. Handcoloured copperplate drawn and engraved by Leopold Massard from “” French Costumes from KingClovis to Our Days,”” Massard, Mifliez, Paris, 1834., Massard, Leopold (1812-1889) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4673668: French longbowman, 14th century. He wears a helmet called a capelline, a hauberk of scale armour, jaque of buffalo or deerskin, gauntlets, and carries a longbow and quiver of arrows. Handcoloured copperplate drawn and engraved by Leopold Massard from “” French Costumes from KingClovis to Our Days,”” Massard, Mifliez, Paris, 1834., Massard, Leopold (1812-1889) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4673713: French soldier, 14th century. He wears a helmet, a hauberk of scale armour, jaque of buffalo or deerskin, and carries a lance and panier (large buckler or shield). Handcoloured copperplate drawn and engraved by Leopold Massard from “” French Costumes from KingClovis to Our Days,”” Massard, Mifliez, Paris, 1834., Massard, Leopold (1812-1889) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4673793: Sceptre, sword and hand of justice of Charlemagne. The gold sceptre is decorated pearls, rubies and sapphires, a fleur de liys and figure of the king. Handcoloured copperplate drawn and engraved by Leopold Massard from “” French Costumes from KingClovis to Our Days,”” Massard, Mifliez, Paris, 1834., Massard, Leopold (1812-1889) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4673935: Geoffrey V, Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, 1113-1151 (Geoffroy V d'Anjou, known as the Bel or Plantagenet). He wears a helmet in the Phrygian style, a long cape over tunics, all embroidered in gold. He holds a sword and large buckler (shield) decorated with heraldic lions. From an effigy on his tomb in Le Mans. Handcoloured copperplate drawn and engraved by Leopold Massard from “” French Costumes from KingClovis to Our Days,”” Massard, Mifliez, Paris, 1834., Massard, Leopold (1812-1889) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4673875: Two shepherds, 9th century. One carries a large horn with bouquin (mouthpiece) to assemble the flock, and the other carries a small hunting horn and pike. Both wear shorts tunics over trousers and shoes. Handcoloured copperplate drawn and engraved by Leopold Massard from “” French Costumes from KingClovis to Our Days,”” Massard, Mifliez, Paris, 1834., Massard, Leopold (1812-1889) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4673910: French infantry soldiers, 10th century. Their helmets, bucklers (shields), pikes and shoes are of an unusual design. From a manuscript by Prudentius in the Royal Library. Handcoloured copperplate drawn and engraved by Leopold Massard from “” French Costumes from KingClovis to Our Days,”” Massard, Mifliez, Paris, 1834., Massard, Leopold (1812-1889) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4673964: French soldier, 11th century. He wears a simple tunic over a chainmail suit with hood, and is armed with sword, baton, and buckler (shield). Handcoloured copperplate drawn and engraved by Leopold Massard from “” French Costumes from KingClovis to Our Days,”” Massard, Mifliez, Paris, 1834., Massard, Leopold (1812-1889) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4674006: Ulger or Ulgerius (Ulgerus), Bishop of Angers, died 1149. He wears vestments, dalmatic, cassock, hat and veil richly decorated with gold and gemstones. He holds a crosier in his left hand and gives a blessing with his right hand. After an enamel plaque on his tomb in the church of Saint-Maurice. Handcoloured copperplate drawn and engraved by Leopold Massard from “” French Costumes from KingClovis to Our Days,”” Massard, Mifliez, Paris, 1834., Massard, Leopold (1812-1889) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4674010: Elias I, Count of Maine, died 1110. He wears a tunic and stockings of chainmail, iron helmet and triangular escutcheon (shield) with gold cross. Sword in a large scabbard hanging from his neck. Taken from his tomb in Abbey Saint-Pierre de la Couture, Le Mans. Handcoloured copperplate drawn and engraved by Leopold Massard from “” French Costumes from KingClovis to Our Days,”” Massard, Mifliez, Paris, 1834., Massard, Leopold (1812-1889) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4674030: Infantry crossbowman, 12th century. He wears a type of jaques (bodysuit) in deerskin issued to English bowmen by Louis XII. The hood and gorgerin (collar) are of one piece. He wears a long blue sleeveless tunic. He holds a crossbow and arrow. Handcoloured copperplate drawn and engraved by Leopold Massard from “” French Costumes from KingClovis to Our Days,”” Massard, Mifliez, Paris, 1834., Massard, Leopold (1812-1889) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4674058: Hugh III, Duke of Burgundy (Hugh III of Burgundy, 1148-1192), 12th century. He wears a chainmail hauberk and stockings, a helm with bend sinister, tunic, and holds a sword and buckler (shield). Handcoloured copperplate drawn and engraved by Leopold Massard from “” French Costumes from KingClovis to Our Days,”” Massard, Mifliez, Paris, 1834., Massard, Leopold (1812-1889) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4674164: Louis IX, King of France, in ceremonial robes seated on a throne, 13th century. He wears a crown and holds two sceptres. His cape is in blue decorated with fleurs de liys and lined with ermine. His tunic is red, as is the foot cushion. From a stainless-glass window in the church of Saint Louis at Poissy. Handcoloured copperplate drawn and engraved by Leopold Massard from “” French Costumes from KingClovis to Our Days,”” Massard, Mifliez, Paris, 1834., Massard, Leopold (1812-1889) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4674231: Philip Hurepel, (Philippe Hurepel de Clermont, ca. 1197-1234) Count of Boulogne and Clermont, 1201. Handcoloured copperplate drawn and engraved by Leopold Massard from “” French Costumes from KingClovis to Our Days,”” Massard, Mifliez, Paris, 1834., Massard, Leopold (1812-1889) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4674234: English cavalry charging with lance, 12th century. He wears a steel helmet, blue cuirasset decorated with gold buttons, blue escutcheon with gold fleurs de liys, lance, gauntlets, thighs, greaves and spurs. The horse has a crimson velvet saddle and gold caparison. From a English manuscript in the Barberini library, Rome. Handcoloured copperplate drawn and engraved by Leopold Massard from “” French Costumes from KingClovis to Our Days,”” Massard, Mifliez, Paris, 1834., Massard, Leopold (1812-1889) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4674236: William of Gellone (Guillaume de Gellone or d'Aquitaine or Le Grand, ca. 750-814), Count of Toulouse, died in the 9th century but depicted in 13th century costume. He wears a corselet (bodice), a tunic, and cape lined with fur. His felt turban is tied in a bow at front and falls loose at the rear. Handcoloured copperplate drawn and engraved by Leopold Massard from “” French Costumes from KingClovis to Our Days,”” Massard, Mifliez, Paris, 1834., Massard, Leopold (1812-1889) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4674262: English infantry archer, 13th century. He wears a “” salad”” (iron helmet or sallet), a brigandine or armour corselet (bodice) over a jaque (shirt) with cuffs. He carries a bow and arrow, and has a quiver of arrows in his belt. From a manuscript in the Royal Library. Handcoloured copperplate drawn and engraved by Leopold Massard from “” French Costumes from KingClovis to Our Days,”” Massard, Mifliez, Paris, 1834., Massard, Leopold (1812-1889) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4674285: Jean de Joinville (or sire of Joinville, circa 1224-1317), French chronicler, 13th century. Handcoloured copperplate drawn and engraved by Leopold Massard from “” French Costumes from KingClovis to Our Days,”” Massard, Mifliez, Paris, 1834., Massard, Leopold (1812-1889) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4673239: Chlothar I, King of the Franks, King of Soissons, Merovingian dynasty, 497-562. He wears a crown, a long cape over two tunics of different lengths, and holds a bizarre mace. Handcoloured copperplate drawn and engraved by Leopold Massard from “” French Costumes from KingClovis to Our Days,”” Massard, Mifliez, Paris, 1834., Massard, Leopold (1812-1889) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4673345: Giraud de l'Inhan or Dan Helinan, French poet, died 1223. He wears a long robe a l'Italie, with hood and long laced boots. From an old drawing depicting him in 14th century garb. Handcoloured copperplate drawn and engraved by Leopold Massard from “” French Costumes from KingClovis to Our Days,”” Massard, Mifliez, Paris, 1834., Massard, Leopold (1812-1889) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4673357: Chlothar II, King of Neustria and King of all the Franks, 613-628. He wears a crown, long tunic with gold embroidery at the hem and cuffs, long cape and gem-encrusted gold necklace. Handcoloured copperplate drawn and engraved by Leopold Massard from “” French Costumes from KingClovis to Our Days,”” Massard, Mifliez, Paris, 1834., Massard, Leopold (1812-1889) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4673375: St. Louis, Bishop of Toulouse, 14th century. He wears a gem-encrusted mitre, episcopal cape in gold fabric and holds a crosier with crown. But beneath he wears the vestments of his order, coarse wool robe and sandals. Handcoloured copperplate drawn and engraved by Leopold Massard from “” French Costumes from KingClovis to Our Days,”” Massard, Mifliez, Paris, 1834., Massard, Leopold (1812-1889) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4673430: Joanna of Flanders, c.1295-1374. She wears a tall conical hat (henin) with veil, white blouse, a blue robe trimmed with fur, brown robe, cracows or poulaines. From a miniature in a Froissart manuscript in the Royal Library. Handcoloured copperplate drawn and engraved by Leopold Massard from “” French Costumes from KingClovis to Our Days,”” Massard, Mifliez, Paris, 1834., Massard, Leopold (1812-1889) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4673452: Blanche of Navarre (Blanche de Navarre or Blanche d'Evreux), queen consort of France, 1333-1398. She wears rich ceremonial cape and bodice in damask, velvet and ermine, and a coat of arms dress with the blazon of France (gold fleurs de liys on azure), Navarre (gold chains on gules) and Evreux (fleurs de liys with bendlet in silver and red). From a portrait in the Basilica of Saint-Denis. Handcoloured copperplate drawn and engraved by Leopold Massard from “” French Costumes from KingClovis to Our Days,”” Massard, Mifliez, Paris, 1834., Massard, Leopold (1812-1889) / Bridgeman Images