FLO4676686: The Doge of Venice, Sebastian Ziani (died 1178) presents his sword to Pope Alexander III (Rolando Bandinelli, circa 1105-1181), as a sign of commitment to the fight against Emperor Frederic Barberousse (Frederic I de Hohenstaufen, 1122-1190) - Pope Alexander III presenting the Doge of Venice with a sword to fight Frederick Barossa, 14th century - The Pope wears a papal tiara, scarlet chasuble, white pallium, and white gloves - The Doge wears a ducal bonnet, tunic in Siena brown with coats of arms of Saint Mark (gold lion on red field) over a suit of plate armour and chainmail - From a fresco by Spinello Aretino in the Palazzo Pubblico, Siena - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676700: Alexander Vitelleschi (?) , Knight of Empire and Count Palatin, 11th century - Alexandre Vitelleschi, imperial knight and count palatine, 11th century - Anachronistic costume of cape and tunic in burnt siena, red toque, lead-coloured stockings, gold spurs - From a 14th century sepulchral monument in Corneto - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676956: Cansignorio della Scala (1340-1375), Italian condottiere, headdress of a liripion - Cansignorio della Scala, lord of Verona, 14th century - He wears a scarlet hood and hanging-sleeved tabard lined with ermine, stockings, gauntlets, belt and holds a two-handed illustration sword - From the tomb of the Scaligers in Verona - Handcoloured drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676860: Matron costume (midwife) from Siena (Italy), 14th century, always dressed in green - Woman of Siena, 14th century - She wears a violet peaked headdress with hanging veil, green dress with embroidered flowers and large furlined sleeves - From a painting by Francesco Vanni in the Academy of Fine Arts, Siena - Handcolored illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4677052: Un homme de la noblesse francaise, kneeling en prayere, 14th century - French noble kneeling in prayer, 14th century, in tabard with heraldic lion rampant over a suit of armour - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4675941: Costume d'un homme de la noblesse italian, 14th century - Costume of an Italian nobleman, 14th century - He wears a blue bonnet, a red cape with white collar trimmed with ermine over a blue robe - From a miniature in a 14th century manuscript in Siena library - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from” “Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676081: L'escalier des Geants du Palais des Doges, a Venice (Italy), 15th century - Giant's staircase, Doge's Palace, Venice - The colossal statues of Mars and Neptune by Sansovino give this staircase its name - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676805: Costume clerical: a Dominican nun, 14th century - Dominican nun, 14th century - She wears a black veil, brown scapular and white tunic - From a painting by Ambrogio Lorenzetti - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676826: Costume d'un docteur des lois, lecture un livre sur un lutrin, 14th century - Doctor of law reading books at a lectern, 14th century - He wears a pink bonnet, ermine almuce over scarlet robes lined with ermine, black shoes - From the monument to Nicolas dei Fabri, church of San Giacomo Maggiore - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676971: Costume d'un homme de la nobility italian, 14th century - Italian nobleman in cape with ermine border, 14th century, from the Titius Livius manuscript in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Milan - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4677049: Wedding Ceremony, 13th century - Marriage ceremony, 13th century - They stand in front of a priest with a red shawl draped over their shoulders - She wears a small crown of gold tied with a black ribbon, a damask cape and dress lined with ermine - He wears a skyblue cape and robe - From an illustration in manuscript 1389, Vatican library - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4677084: Ceremony ritual de creation d'un chevalier, 14eme century - A young man receiving a knighthood, 14th century - The new knight wears a red tabard over a suit of armour - A priest blesses the knights' sword, while other knights in gold tabards and red hoods fix spurs to the knights' shoes - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4677087: Costume d'un homme de la noblesse francaise, 14eme century - French noble man, 14th century - He wears a tabard in yellow decorated with eyes and violet decorated with flowers, blue hood, red and grey stockings, and cracows (pointed shoes a la poulaine) - From a manuscript of “” Lancelot of the Lake”” in the Imperiale Library, 6964 - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4677134: Costume d'un homme de la noblesse italian, 14th century - Costume of an Italian nobleman, 14th century - He wears a decorated, plumed hat, cape with large hanging sleeves and fur border, with black cracows (pointed shoes a la poulaine) - From the Titius Livius manuscript in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Milan - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4677147: Pugiello Pertinario (d. 1368), Florentine noble, Quaestor general of the ducal incomes of Milan (Italy) - Costume of Pugiello Pertinario, Florentine nobleman, founder of St Peter's chapel, St Eustorge Church, Milan, 14th century - He wears a fur hat that resemble a wig, a wide-sleeved cape in embroidered white damask bordered in brown fur, and white shoes - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861 -, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4677165: Costume d'une jeune femme italian, 14th century - Costume of a young Italian woman, 14th century - She wears her hair loose but tied with a thin chain, a cape bordered with gold over a blue dress - From a painting by Ambrogio Lorenzetti - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4677187: Costume d'un jeune ecuyer, 14th century - Costume of a young squire, 14th century - He wears a yellow tabard, green stockings and silver spurs - He carries the sword and cape of his knight - From a fresco by Spinello Aretino in the Campo Santo cemetery, Pisa - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4677130: Une jeune femme jouant de l'organ portable, 14th century - Young woman playing a portable organ, 14th century - It was the fashion to wear garlands of flowers during public festivals and events - From a painting by Domenico Bartoli, Siena, later copied in a fresco by Benozzi Gozzoli at Campo Santo cemetery, Pisa - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676136: Un chevalier en armor, 15th century - Mounted knight in suit of armour, 15th century - He wears a toque, a suit of heavy plate armour, and carries a baton - From a sculpture of Antonio Rido at the Santa Francesca Romana, Rome - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676273: Costume d'une femme de la noblesse Milanese (Italy), 15th century - Noblewoman of Milan, 15th century - She wears a bonnet adorned with pearls and gems, a red cape with gold embroidery, a white robe embroidered in gold over a blue petticoat - Crimson shoes with gold detail - From a miniature in a Book of Hours from the late 15th century in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Milan - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676182: Costume d'un podestat, magistrate de ville or representative of the Holy Roman Empire, 15th century - Podesta, 15th century chief magistrate of a city state, or representative of the Holy Roman Emperor - He wears a brocade simar (cassock), bonnet, gloves, gold chain and holds a baton - The page wears a scarlet hat, doublet, odd stockings, and a large sword - From a fresco by Pinturicchio in the church of Sant Maria d'Aracoeli, Rome - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676352: Costumes de jeunes gens francais, 15th century - Costume of French youths, 15th century - One wears a green bonnet, blue doublet, red trousers and cracows (pointed shoes) - The second wears a yellow doublet over a black tunic, green stockings and cracows - From an illustration by Barthelemy d'Eyck of the review of arms from Rene of Anjou's “” Tournament Book,” 1488 - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676422: Doge of Venice (Italy), 13th century - Doge of Venice, 13th century - He wears a red toque with gold crown, scarlet cape lined in ermine, ermine almuce, and violet robe bordered in gold - From a mosaic in the door of Saint Mark's Basilica, Venice - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676443: Costume d'une homme de la noblesse provencale, 15th century - Nobleman of Provence, 15th century, holding a falcon - He wears a crimson hat with fur and scarlet plumes, tunic in red velvet, slashed grey coat lined with fur, red belt and purse, dagger, green stockings and red shoes - From an illustration by Barthelemy d'Eyck in Rene of Anjous Tournament Book,” “1488 - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4675928: Costume of a woman of the Italian nobility, playing the harp, 14th century - Costume of Italian noble woman playing a harp, 14th century - She wears a pink veil bordered in gold over a black velvet bonnet, a red robe with hanging sleeves over a gold dress - From a painting by Francesco Vanni in the Academy of Fine Arts, Siena - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676129: Ecclesiastical rite: la tonsure, 15th century - Ecclesiastical rite of tonsure, 15th century - Bishop in mitre, chasuble, dalmatic, alb and maniple, novices accepting the tonsure (haircut) in surtout and stockings - From a manuscript in the Ottobon collection of the Vatican library - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676612: Military suit: an Italian infantryman, soldier a foot with a spade and a shield, 15th century - Italian foot soldier with pike and shield, 15th century - He wears a decorated cuirasset (breastplate), blue tunic, armour sleeves and greaves, stockings and black shoes - The buckler (shield) is covered in leather and ornamented with gold - From a miniature in Duke of Urbino's Bible in the Vatican library - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676495: Costume d'un homme de la nobility florentine (Italy), 15th century - Nobleman of Florence, 15th century - He wears a violet bonnet, violet scarf draped over the chest and shoulder, violet doublet, blue cape, red stockings and slippers - From the tomb of Francesco Tornabuoni sculpted by Mino da Fiesole in the Church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676640: Scene de moreurs: des couples deguises à l'Orientale, entoures of musicians, during an Italian carnival, 15th century - Scene from an elegant carnival, Italy, 15th century - The women all wear red bodices and petticoats, green sleeves and white headdresses - The Turk wears a turban and gold robe - The man in front has a blue hat with plume, blue pelerine over white robe embroidered with gold - the same fabric as the bodice and petticoat of his companion - Musicians in similar pelerines and hats play lutes and guitars - From a miniature painting in a manuscript in Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Siena - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676659: Costumes des hommes de la guild des artisans italiens et un notaire juridique, 14eme century - Italian guild artisans and a judicial notary, 14th century - The notary wears a brown bonnet and blue cape - The left artisan wears a scarlet cape and hood, blue doublet and stockings - The right artisan in blue bonnet and doublet, pink cape and stockings - From a manuscript in Siena Library - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676454: Costume d'un jeune homme de Milan (Italy), 15th century - Young man of Milan, 15th century - He wears a laced doublet with long sleeves, over a scarlet tunic, trousers and boots - From a bas-relief monument to the La Torre family in the church of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676516: Costume d'un messager italian, 15th century - Costume of an Italian messenger, 15th century - He wears a blue chlamys with yellow lining, fastened at the shoulder with a gold clasp, scarlet tunic and belt, black boots and skyblue trousers - From a miniature painting in the Duke of Urbino's Bible in the Vatican library - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676641: Costume of an Augustine religious, Lanfranco Settala (1201-1264) teacher in 1243 - Lanfranco Septala, Augustine monk, 13th century - He wears a black hood and robe, leather belt, and is depicted teaching in a school - From the sepulchral monument in San Marco, Milan - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676809: Costume d'un homme de la nobility venitienne (Italy), 12th century - Nobleman of Venice, 12th century - He wears a hat surmounted by a pearl, green chlamys lined with scarlet, violet robe with gold shoulders, red belt, green stockings and black shoes - From a figure in the mosaic doors of Saint Mark's Basilica - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676922: Une gondola venitienne (Italy), 14th century - Venetian gondola, 14th century - The gondola is black, with a cabin covered in black carpet, and a white carpet on the prow - The woman passenger wears her hair tied with pearls, and a pink robe - She's accompanied by a duenna in black - The gondolier wears a red cap, velvet doublet, white shirt, black belt, and dagger - From a painting by Gentile Bellini in the Academy of Fine Arts, Venice - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images