FLO4676348: The entrance of the judges, judges tellers, to a town - The lead judge wears a black cap, scarlet simar, and rides a horse in a caparison of scarlet with white band and blue bridle - The second judge has a black hat with plume, scarlet coat over yellow doublet, and rides a horse with a white caparison with scarlet bands - Their squire wears blue cap, green doublet, pink stockings and black cracows (pointed shoes) - From an illustration by Barthelemy d'Eyck in Rene of Anjou's “” Tournament Book,”” 1488 - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676371: Protocol de challenge d'un tournament de chevalerie, 15th century - Tourney challenge etiquette, 15th century - A seated prince hands a sword to the kneeling king of arms, accompanied by two heralds, to present to his opponent - The prince wears a scarlet hood, doublet, stockings, and cracows - The king of arms wears a coat of arms in ermine, green tunic boots poulaines and spurs - The dais is decorated with the princess's coat of arms - From an illustration by Barthelemy d'Eyck in Rene of Anjou's “” Tournament Book,”” 1488 - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676402: Costume d'un juge penal anglais, 15eme century - Costume of an English criminal judge, 15th century - He wears an ermine-lined cape secured at the shoulder with a brooch, ermine-lined hood and robe, green purse with gold clasp - He wears a dagger called an anelacium from his belt - From a sepulchral monument to Sir William Gascoigne, Chief Justice of England during the reign of King Henry IV, in Harewood Church - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676430: Costume d'une femme de la nobility de Milan (Italy), 15th century - Noblewoman of Milan, 15th century - She wears a white veil, a scarlet cape with openings at the front and arms, black velvet sleeves, yellow dress and black shoes - From a painting in the Brera Gallery, Milan - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676461: Costume d'un apothecaire de Florence (Italy), 15th century - Costume of the Florentine apothecary, Matteo di Marco Palmieri, 15th century - He wears a crimson turban and cape, lined with white fur, green robe with yellow lining, and red shoes - He holds a mortar and pestle - Physicians and apothecaries had the right to wear ermine and squirrel fur - From a squirrel fur - From a painting by Domenico Bartoli in Siena hospital - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676507: Italian peasant costumes, 15th century - Costume of Italian peasants, 15th century - The man on the right wears a grey hood, tunic and boots, with black belt and purse - The figure on the left wears a crimson bonnet, off-white tunic, black belt, red stockings and brown leather boots - From a miniature in an ancient manuscript - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676547: Costumes d'hommes de la nobility de Florence (Italy), 15th century - Costume of noblemen of Florence, 15th century - The man in front wears a scarlet hood, cape lined in brown fur, black velvet doublet, scarlet stockings - The man behind wears a pink hood and cape, trimmed with squirrel, scarlet doublet and stockings - From the painting “” Triumph of Julius Caesar”” by Giovanni di Ser Giovanni (originally attributed to Dello Delli) - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676565: Military costume: a French knight, Aimery by Guillaume Berard (?) , 13th century - Aimery by Guillaume Berard, French knight, condottiere and commander of the Florentine army at the battle of Campaldino, 1289 - He wears a helmet, chainmail suit of armour, tunic with fleurs de lys on blue, cuisses and greaves, shoes and spurs - He is armed with a shield (buckler), sword and dagger called a mist His horse has a blue caparison - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676584: Costume d'une femme de la nobility de Milan (Italy), 15th century - Noblewoman of Milan, 15th century - She wears her hair in a bonnet or wig, white blouse, scarlet simar with slashed puff sleeves decorated with gold bows to the elbow, tight cuffs - She wears earrings, unusual for the era - From a portrait in Brera Gallery, Milan - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676053: Frederic III of the Holy Empire, (Frederic of Habsburg, 1415-1493) - Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, 1415-1493 - He wears a tiara ornamented with gold, a violet scarf, gold brocade robe, and a cape of two-tone cloth, red stockings and gold sandals - From a fresco drawn by Pinturicchio (Bernardino di Betto) - Handcoloured illustration and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4675919: Frederic II of Hohenstauffen (1194-1250) (Frederic II of the Holy Empire) and his falconer - Frederick II and his falconer, 13th century - Frederick II wears a gold crown, blue chlamys secured with gold clasp, red tunic with gold stripe and gemstones - He holds a gold sceptre - Falconer in a white cap, brown tunic, stockings, black belt with bird wings, and hooded falcon on gauntlet - From Frederick II's treatise on falconry, De Arte Venandi and Avibus - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676017: Tribunal des marchands, 15th century - Merchant tribunal, Italy, 15th century - The magistrates are seated at top, scribes or notaries stand in the pit, and merchants outside the barrier - From a miniature painting by Sano di Pietro in the “” Statutes of Merchants,””” Siena library - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676045: Costume d'un senateur venitien (Italy), 15th century - Venetian senator, 15th century - He wears a black toque, a velvet simar trimmed with fur on the sleeves, and black velvet stole - From a miniature painting by Piero della Francesca - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676049: Costume d'une dame de suite d'Alienor (Eleonore) du Portugal (1434-1467) (dame d'honneur ou dame de compagnie) - Lady in Waiting to Eleanor of Portugal, Holy Roman Empress - She wears her hair tied in gold, a white blouse, blue corset and sleeves open at the shoulder, white taffeta dress, and pink cape bordered with green - From a fresco by Pinturicchio and Raphael in Siena - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676095: Maximilian I of Habsburg (1459-1519), Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire - Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, in suit of armour and plumed helmet, mounted on an armoured horse with caparison with the coat of arms of Austria (five golden quail) and the Archdukedom of Austria (silver fess on a red field) - After a colored woodcut by Hans Gkmair, 1508 - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676115: Costume of a Spanish noble woman, 15th century - Costume of a Spanish noble woman, 15th century - From a manuscript of “” Office of Our Lady”” in the Spanish court - She wears a white embroidered headdress, and a full cape over a dress - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676124: Costume of a Spanish nobleman, 15th century - Costume of a Spanish nobleman, 15th century - From a manuscript “” Office of Our Lady,”” in the Spanish court - He wears a large hat, a sleeveless simar (cassock) over a pink doublet, brown leather belt and purse, and red shoes - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676205: Italian military costume, 15th century - Italian military costume from the 15th century - He wears a steel helmet and cuirassed ornamented with gold, violet scarf, green doublet, pink stockings, and holds a sword - From a painting in the Sistine Chapel from Lucas Signorelli - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676242: Costume d'un magistrate florentin (Italy), 15th century - Costume of a government magistrate in Florence, 15th century - He wears a scarlet hood, pink cape and yellow tunic, all lined in ermine - From a miniature in a manuscript of Dante in the Vatican - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676324: Male travel costume, 15th century - Male travel costume, 15th century - He wears a grey hood, scarlet doublet edged in black, belt and black purse in leather, breeches and boots - From a painting by an unknown artist in Brera Art Gallery, Milan - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4675939: Boniface, Duke of Tuscany - Boniface III, Margrave of Tuscany (c 985-1052) - He wears a gold hat decorated with precious stones, green chlamys bordered in gold, blue tunic, red stockings with gold bands and shoes - The throne is yellow with cushions and footrest - Illustration taken from a manuscript of Donizo's “” Vita Mathildis” - Handcoloured” - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4675957: Costume d'une femme de la noblesse italian, 14th century - Costume of an Italian noblewoman, 14th century - She wears a veil, a blue dress trimmed with fur and edged with gold, over a pink dress - From a painting in the Academy of Fine Arts, Siena - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4675962: Uniforms of Italian soldiers, 14th century - The wear tunics in Siena brown with coats of arms of Saint Mark (gold lion on red field), over suits of armour - The soldier with the banner of the church (two keys on a red field) wears a white helmet decorated with silver - From a fresco by Spinello Aretino in the Palazzo Pubblico, Siena, depicting Pope Alexander III presenting the Doge of Venice with a sword to fight Frederick Barbarossa - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4675979: Vestment of an Italian cardinal, 14th century - From a painting of the Last Judgment by Ambrogio Lorenzetti in the Academy of Fine Arts, Siena - He wears a red hat, large red cape with hood, white surplice, blue cassock and red shoes - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4677003: Costumes des magistrats du tribunal de Siena (Italy), 14th century - Magistrates of the court in Siena, Italy, 14th century - From a miniature in a manuscript in Siena library - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4677015: Costumes des magistrats du tribunal de Siena (Italy), 14th century - Magistrates of the court in Siena, Italy, 14th century - From a miniature in a manuscript in Siena library - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4677052: Un homme de la noblesse francaise, kneeling en prayere, 14th century - French noble kneeling in prayer, 14th century, in tabard with heraldic lion rampant over a suit of armour - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4677094: Costume d'un jeune homme français, 14th century, portrait suppose de Guillaume de Lorris (Loris) (ca. 1200-around 1238), poet et et auteur du Roman de la Rose - Costume of a young French man, 14th century - He wears a green tabard with squirrel-fur lined hanging sleeves, and pink stockings and cracows (pointed shoes) - From a manuscript in the Biblioteca Angelica, Rome - (According to Massard, this is Guillaume de Lorris, English poet and author of “” Roman de la Rose -””) Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4677099: Costume d'un homme de la noblesse italian, 14th century - Costume of an Italian noble man, 14th century - He wears a gold-bordered black hat surmounted by plumes, a damask tabard with huge ermine-lined sleeves, panlottes and stockings - From a painting by Domenico Bartoli - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676590: Costume of a young Italian woman in dress inspired by antique statues, 15th century - Under a small veil, she wears her long hair loose to the shoulders, a sign that she is unmarried - The violet gauze dress is fastened at the shoulders with gold clasps, bunched at the hip, then falls to the feet - Her sleeved bodice and shoes are in gold fabric - From a portrait by Pinturicchio - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676644: Costume of a woman of the nobility of Venice, 13th century - Noblewoman of Venice, 13th century - She wears a green cape lined in scarlet, a white bonnet with white diadem, white robe with red and gold embroidery at the neck and arms - From a mosaic in the door of Saint Mark's Basilica, Venice - Handcolored illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676677: Costume d'une femme de la nobility de Forence (Italy), 14th century - Noblewoman of Florence, 14th century - She wears a white transparent veil, white robe embroidered with gold, fastened at the front with a gold clasp, and white falcon's gauntlet - Allegorical figure of mystic theology from Taddeo Gaddis fresco in the church of Santa Maria Novella, Florence - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676686: The Doge of Venice, Sebastian Ziani (died 1178) presents his sword to Pope Alexander III (Rolando Bandinelli, circa 1105-1181), as a sign of commitment to the fight against Emperor Frederic Barberousse (Frederic I de Hohenstaufen, 1122-1190) - Pope Alexander III presenting the Doge of Venice with a sword to fight Frederick Barossa, 14th century - The Pope wears a papal tiara, scarlet chasuble, white pallium, and white gloves - The Doge wears a ducal bonnet, tunic in Siena brown with coats of arms of Saint Mark (gold lion on red field) over a suit of plate armour and chainmail - From a fresco by Spinello Aretino in the Palazzo Pubblico, Siena - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676700: Alexander Vitelleschi (?) , Knight of Empire and Count Palatin, 11th century - Alexandre Vitelleschi, imperial knight and count palatine, 11th century - Anachronistic costume of cape and tunic in burnt siena, red toque, lead-coloured stockings, gold spurs - From a 14th century sepulchral monument in Corneto - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676767: Costume of the Doge of Venice (Italy), 14th century - Doge of Venice, 14th century - He wears a ducal hat or corno in crimson velvet with a gold crown, ermine almuce, gold-brocade simar, crimson robe and gold shoes - From a sepulchral monument to Michele Steno (1331-1413) in Basilica Giovani e Paelo, Veno, Venice, Venice - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images