FLO4676342: Judges storytellers, guarantors of the deroulement of a chivalry tournament, and a heraut king of arms, officer supervisor of the arms march, 15th century - Four tournament judges, judges', and the king of arms, roi d'armes, 15th century - The judges wear hats or hoods, doublets, stockings and cracows (pointed shoes) - The king of arms wears a chlamys with a parchment painting of the coats of arms of the combatants, doublet, black trousers, cracows with spurs, and holds a paper with the tourney challenges - From an illustration by Barthelemy d'Eyck in Rene of Anjou's “” Tournament Book,”” 1488 - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676419: Swearing an oath on the Bible, 15th century - The judge wears a crimson cap called a mortar, simar in gold brocade lined with ermine - The athtaker wears a simar and hood, while the witness wears a short cape lined with marten fur, doublet, stockings, cracows (pointed shoes) - From a miniature ature in manuscript 6829 in the Imperiale Library, Paris - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676721: Costume d'un medecin italian, 14th century - Italian doctor or physician, 14th century - He wears a velvet cap trimmed with fur, a black cape lined in white, scarlet robe, green sleeves, red shoes - He carries a gold box and pincers - From a painting by an unknown artist in the Academy of Fine Arts, Siena - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676769: Military suit: Victor (Vettore) Pisani (1324-1380), venitian admiral (Italy) - Vettore Pisani, Venetian admiral, 14th century - He wears a red toque, ted tunic buckled up the front, suit of steel plate armour, thighs, greaves, gauntlets, and shoes, edged with gold - His arms include two-handed sword and dagger - From the statue in Venice arsenal - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676799: Alberto I Canfrancesco della Scala (1291-1329), war name Cangrande della Scala, lord of Verona and mecene of Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) - Cangrande della Scala, lord of Verona, 14th center- He wears a blue cap, pink cape with hanging sleeves lined with fur, belted scarlet robe, gauntlets and holds a blue two-handed sword in scabbard - From his sarcophagus in the church of Santa Maria Antica, Verona - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676803: Cimabue (Cenni di Pepo) (1272-1302), Italian painter, headdress of a liripion - Cimabue, Florentine artist, 14th century - He wears a short white cape embroidered in gold, a hood with a long tail, tunic, stockings and garters in white and gold - From a painting by Simone Martini in the church of Santa Maria Novella, Florence - (Massard, this is Jean by Joinville, French chronicler, 1224-1317) - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676850: Suit d'un homme jeif, 14eme century - Jewish man, 14th century - He wears a white hood, yellow cape with gold embroidery, green robe, red belt and shoes - From a painting by Sano di Pietro in the Academy of Fine Arts, Siena - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676887: Costume d'une jeune femme de Florence (Italy), 14th century - Noble woman of Florence, 14th century - She wears her hair tied with black laces, blue simar embroidered in gold, yellow lining, scarlet robe, leather belt - From a painting to illustrate Boccaccio's Decameron by an artist of the Florentine school - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676980: Costume d'une femme de la nobility Siennoise (Italy), 14th century - Noble woman of Siena, in luxurious crown of gold, silver necklace and fringed violet dress, from a painting by Domenico Bartoli, 14th century - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4677051: Costume d'une jeune femme francaise, 14th century - Costume of a young French woman, 14th century, from the Titius Livius manuscript - She wears her hair tied with black laces, a white dress embroidered with gold, and long bizarre cracows (shoes “” a la poulaine”””””) - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4677070: Costume d'un valet, 14th century - Costume of a valet, 14th century - He wears a red hood with white border, tabard of the same fabric, lead-coloured stockings and silver spurs - He carries a dagger in a red scabbard - From a manuscript of “” Lancelot of the Lake”” in the Imperiale Library, 6964 - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4677083: King Edward III of England (1312-1377) - King Edward III of England, 14th century, in blue cape trimmed with ermine, red tunic bordered with gold - From his sepulchral monument in Westminster Abbey, London, with gold crown from the monument to Henry III, sceptre from paintings of Richard II, and throne from an ancient manuscript - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4677154: Costume d'un jeune homme italien, 14eme century - Costume of a young Italian man, 14th century - He wears a tabard with a blue-and-white striped right side, and beige left side with hood over the shoulder - From a miniature in the Titus Livius manuscript in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Milan - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676469: Military costume: un gentilhomme Tuscan (Italy), 15th century - Military costume of a Tuscan gentleman, 15th century - He wears a scarlet cape lined in black, white doublet, red stockings and yellow leather boots - He holds a sword and dagger with gold handles - From a painting by Matteo di Giovanni in the Academy of Fine Arts, Siena - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676513: Costume d'une femme de la nobility d'Italie, 15th century - Noblewoman of Italy, 15th century - She wears a crimson velvet bonnet with black lining, crimson silk simar with huge furlined sleeves, and blue velvet dress - It shows that the fashion has barely in changed over a century - From a miniature in the Duke of Urbino's Bible in the Vatican library - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676526: Costume d'un jeune homme siennois (Italy), 15th century - Costume of a young man of Siena, 15th century - He wears a tunic in two-tone white and gold fabric lined with fur, gold doublet, green stockings - From a small painting in the Academy of Fine Arts, Siena - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676545: Military costume: un soldat de Verona (Italy), 15th century - Costume of a soldier of Verona, 15th century - He wears a white cap, woolen coat with black velvet collar, brown breeches and black boots - A sabre in black scabbard hangs from his belt - From the painting “” Crucifixion””” by Michele de Verona, dated 1501 - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676587: Le condottiere Giulio Orsini (d. 1517) - Jordan Orsini, Italian condottiere, 15th century - He wears a scarlet cap, suit of armour in steel ornamented with engraved details, gold chainmail joints, gold shoes and spurs - His horse is accoutred with leather saddle, lance cup and harness - From the sepulchral monument in a church in Monte Rotondo, Sabina- Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676589: Costume of a young Italian man, lifting his hat as a sign of salvation, 15th century - Young Italian man doffing his hat in salute, 15th century - He wears a violet peaked cap, a crimson velvet doublet, green damask tunic with fur trim, crimson stockings and leather boots - From a miniature in the Duke of Urbino's Bible in the Vatican library - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676631: Mathilde of Tuscany (ca. 1046-1145), called Countess Mathilde, Mathilde de Briey or Mathilde de Canossa - Matilda of Tuscany, 1046-1115 - She wears a conical hat decorated with gemstones, pink veil, red chlamys edged with gold tied at the left shoulder, blue robe edged with gold on the sleeves She sits on a throne, with cushion and footrest - Illustration taken from a manuscript of Donizo's “” Vita Mathildis -”” Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676632: Military costume: un soldat en cotes de meshes, 13th century (supposedly representation of Hugues III (1148-1192), Duke of Burgundy) - Military costume, 13th century - He wears a blue casque with yellow bend sinister, full chainmail suit of armour, violet tunic, buckler (shield) and sword - From a contemporary manuscript - According to Massard, this is Hugh III, Duke of Burgundy, 12th century - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676662: La cour de la basilica Saint Ambroise in Milan (Italy) - Courtyard of the Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio Milan, 13th century - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676461: Costume d'un apothecaire de Florence (Italy), 15th century - Costume of the Florentine apothecary, Matteo di Marco Palmieri, 15th century - He wears a crimson turban and cape, lined with white fur, green robe with yellow lining, and red shoes - He holds a mortar and pestle - Physicians and apothecaries had the right to wear ermine and squirrel fur - From a squirrel fur - From a painting by Domenico Bartoli in Siena hospital - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676507: Italian peasant costumes, 15th century - Costume of Italian peasants, 15th century - The man on the right wears a grey hood, tunic and boots, with black belt and purse - The figure on the left wears a crimson bonnet, off-white tunic, black belt, red stockings and brown leather boots - From a miniature in an ancient manuscript - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676547: Costumes d'hommes de la nobility de Florence (Italy), 15th century - Costume of noblemen of Florence, 15th century - The man in front wears a scarlet hood, cape lined in brown fur, black velvet doublet, scarlet stockings - The man behind wears a pink hood and cape, trimmed with squirrel, scarlet doublet and stockings - From the painting “” Triumph of Julius Caesar”” by Giovanni di Ser Giovanni (originally attributed to Dello Delli) - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676565: Military costume: a French knight, Aimery by Guillaume Berard (?) , 13th century - Aimery by Guillaume Berard, French knight, condottiere and commander of the Florentine army at the battle of Campaldino, 1289 - He wears a helmet, chainmail suit of armour, tunic with fleurs de lys on blue, cuisses and greaves, shoes and spurs - He is armed with a shield (buckler), sword and dagger called a mist His horse has a blue caparison - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676584: Costume d'une femme de la nobility de Milan (Italy), 15th century - Noblewoman of Milan, 15th century - She wears her hair in a bonnet or wig, white blouse, scarlet simar with slashed puff sleeves decorated with gold bows to the elbow, tight cuffs - She wears earrings, unusual for the era - From a portrait in Brera Gallery, Milan - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676699: Costume of the Pope or supreme pontif, 14th century - He wears a papal tiara with three crowns, blue chasuble with white cross, white pallium and vestments, red shoes - From a miniature in a manuscript in Siena Library - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676711: Costume clerical: un canon du 14th century - Canon, 14th century - He wears an almuce, alb, and cassock - From a tomb in the church of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere, Rome - Handcolored illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676765: Costume clerical: un monine benedictin, 14eme century - Benedictine monk, 14th century - He wears a black woolen hood and robe and carries a book - From English manuscript 3839 in the Vatican library - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,” Levy Fils , Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676852: Costume of the Rector of the Hospital of Siena (Italy), 14th century - Rector of the hospital of Santa Maria della Scala, Siena, 14th century - He wears a black toque over a white cap, violet silk cape, black robe with yellow cuffs, green doublet, and black shoes - From a fresco “” Healing the Sick” by Domenico di Bartolo - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676903: Costume d'une femme de la nobility Milanese (italy), 14th century - Noblewoman of Milan, 14th century - She wears a veil that falls to the shoulders while another veil envelopes her throat, blue cape, purple robe, and holds a rosary - From a monument to the Visconti family in Brera chapel - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4676916: Costume d'une femme de la nobility venitienne (italy), 12th century - Noblewoman of Venice, Dogaressa, 12th century - She wears a veil wrapped over the head and falling to the shoulder, a green cape edged in gold, violet robe and red shoes - From a figure in the mosaic doors of Saint Mark's Basilica - Handcolored illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1860, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4677002: Piazza del Campo (or Il Campo) in Siena (Italy), with the Torre del Mangia tower and the Fonte Gaia fountain, 14th century - Piazza del Campo, Siena, Italy - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4677022: Une femme de la noblesse francaise, kneeling in prayer, 14th century - French noblewoman kneeling in prayer, 14th century, in turban of gold cloth, outer robe of ermine with silver skirt, inner robe of dark yellow with belt - From Bible 6829 held at the Imperiale Library of Paris - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images
FLO4677126: Costume d'un jeune homme italien, 14eme century - Costume of a young Italian man, 14th century - He wears a hooded cape open at the side, over a tabard with wide sleeves, lead-coloured stockings, and cracows (pointed shoes a la poulaine) - From a miniature in the Titus Livius manuscript in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Milan - Handcoloured illustration drawn and lithographed by Paul Mercuri with text by Camille Bonnard from “” Historical Costumes from the 12th to 15th Centuries,”” Levy Fils, Paris, 1861, Mercuri, Paolo (1804-84) / Bridgeman Images