FLO4707477: Portrait of Wulstan (or Wulfstan), second arch of York from 1002-1023. A copy of an 11th century manuscript, dressed in his ordinary dress, sitting and studying a book in his office. Hand-coloured copper engraving, in “Images historiques des costumes des principaux peuples de l'Antiquite et du Middle Ages” by Robert Von Spalart, published in 1796. / Bridgeman Images
FLO4707494: Two Anglo Saxon soldiers in armor, late 9th and 10th century. One weapon with a long spear and wearing a blue cape and a brown tunic, with metal plates attached to the fabric of the skirt (61), the other weapon with a lace, a large bow and a shield, wearing a metal plque tunic on a yellow flattening skirt (62). Hand-coloured copper engraving, in “Images historiques des costumes des principaux peuples de l'Antiquite et du Middle Ages” by Robert Von Spalart, published in 1796. / Bridgeman Images
FLO4707756: Margarita, Countess of Flanders (1145-1194), horseback with a hawk and the dwarf Turold, guiding two horses. The Franks wore cups similar to that worn by Marguerite (103). Turold (104), sent by Guillaume (William), Duke of Normandy, known as the Conquerant then William I of England (1027-1087), represented as described by Bernard de Montfaucon in Monument de la Monarchy Francaise. (Copy of a tapestry earlier than that of Bayeux or Queen Mathilde, 11th century). He wears clothes under his suit, the cut and shape of his hat are very special. Hand-coloured copper engraving, in “Images historiques des costumes des principaux peuples de l'Antiquite et du Middle Ages” by Robert Von Spalart, published in 1796. / Bridgeman Images
FLO4707909: Three Norman men of the 12th century, one wearing a talar (dress in fashion at the end of the 12th century), another vetu of the talar above her, and the third wearing a conical cap. Hand-coloured copper engraving, in “Images historique des costumes des principaux peuples de l'Antiquite et du Middle Ages” by Robert Von Spalart, published in 1796. Three Norman men of the 12th century; one in a surtout and carrying a talar (a robe in fashion at the end of the 12th century), one wearing a talar over his especially, and one in a conical bonnet. Handcolored copperplate engraving from Robert von Spalart's “” Historical Picture of the Costumes of the Principal People of Antiquity and of the Middle Ages”” (1796). / Bridgeman Images
FLO4708048: Representation of a Norman in the church of Danbury (Count of Essex, England). Probably older than that of leaf 62, and serious in wood, in a very good state of conservation, given the little attention paid to it. Strutt (who made the copy) noted the perfection of the executed work, which is an enigma, compared to its equivalents of the same period, which lack precision and taste. / Bridgeman Images
FLO4707988: Cartoon of demon adorned with a predominantly Norman with long sleeves, attached to the sleeves and tail, to its sides, a Norman woman seated and veiled, wearing a baby, and another Norman woman with long braid hair, clothed with one above all. Hand-coloured copper engraving, in “Images historique des costumes des principaux peuples de l'Antiquite et du Middle Ages” by Robert Von Spalart, published in 1796. Cartoon of demon wearing a Norman long sleeved surtout tied at the sleeves and tails, seated Norman woman in veil holding a baby, and Norman woman with long plaited hair in a surtout. Handcolored copperplate engraving from Robert von Spalart's “” Historical Picture of the Costumes of the Principal People of Antiquity and of the Middle Ages”” (1796). / Bridgeman Images
FLO4708149: The Norman cavalry: a slightly weapon with a sword and a shield, the other heavily weapon with a chain armor and a spear. Both of a mostly military. Hand-coloured copper engraving, in “Images historiques des costumes des principaux peuples de l'Antiquite et du Middle Ages” by Robert Von Spalart, published in 1796. / Bridgeman Images
FLO4708365: Knight of the temple who does not yet have the Cross, but is already armed with a spear and a sword. His dress officially must not be “” longer than the Cross””. The Order of the Knights of the Temple was founded in 1118 by Hugues de Payns (died 1136), Knight of Champagne and eight other knights to protect the pelerins in the Holy Land. After a humble beginning as Poor Knights of the Temple, the order developed to become a powerful and rich army of fighting monks, with monasteres throughout Europe, and numerous castles in Palestine (Safed, 1140; Karak, 1143; and the castle of the Pelerins 1217). The order ended tragically in 1312 when the Templars were judges, tortures and executes. Hand-coloured copper engraving, in “Images historiques des costumes des principaux peuples de l'Antiquite et du Middle Ages” by Robert Von Spalart, published in 1796. / Bridgeman Images
FLO4708583: Knight of Malta in war suit (red jacket decoree with a large white cross on the chest). The Order of the Knights of Malta came from the Knights Hospitaller, a military order founded in 1099 to protect and treat the pelerins in Palestine. Following their expulsion from the Holy Land, the order was established on the island of Rhodes (1310-1523) before establishing itself in Malta in 1530. The order ruled the island until 1798, until Napoleon averted them. Today it survives under the name Sovereign Military Order of Malta. / Bridgeman Images
FLO4702432: Anglo Saxon grape press 114, altars 115, 116, and censers (incense burners) 117, 118. Handcoloured copperplate engraving from Robert von Spalart's “” Historical Picture of the Costumes of the Principal People of Antiquity and of the Middle Ages,”” Chez Collignon, Metz, 1810. / Bridgeman Images
FLO4703127: Two perfect knights's mountaintop fortress castles in Austria. (Hochosterwitz and Kreuzenstein?) Copied from Matthaeus Merian's Topographie von Osterreich, 1649. Handcoloured copperplate engraving from Robert von Spalart's Historical Picture of the Costumes of the Principal People of Antiquity and of the Middle Ages. / Bridgeman Images
FLO4702514: Crowns of Clovis, Theodoric, Clotilde and Ultrogotha, 144-147, of the Franks 148,149,152-156, of Chlothar I and Fredegund 150,151, of Charlemagne 157-160, Childeric I's signet ring, 161, and Childeric's sword 162. Handcoloured copperplate engraving from Robert von Spalart's Historical Picture of the Costumes of the Principal People of Antiquity and of the Middle Ages. / Bridgeman Images
FLO4702826: The keep of the Norman castle at Hedingham, Essex 252, and the church at St. Botolph's Priory, in Colchester, Essex 253. Handcoloured copperplate engraving from Robert von Spalart's Historical Picture of the Costumes of the Principal People of Antiquity and of the Middle Ages. / Bridgeman Images
FLO4702921: The Rittershaal or Knights' Hall in Kleve castle, Germany, demolished in 1771. The hall was 126 feet long by 54 feet wide and had a barrel-vault ceiling. Handcoloured copperplate engraving from Robert von Spalart's Historical Picture of the Costumes of the Principal People of Antiquity and of the Middle Ages. / Bridgeman Images
FLO4702936: Twenty masked and costumed musicians and dancers emerge from four monstrous heads. Dance of the Nations, part of the celebrations of the birth of Freiderich, Duke of Wurttemberg, 1616. Taken from Delineation und Abbildung aller furstlichen Aufzug und Ritterspielen by Esaias von Hulsen, 1617. Handcoloured copperplate engraving from Robert von Spalart's Historical Picture of the Costumes of the Principal People of Antiquity and of the Middle Ages. / Bridgeman Images
FLO4703285: A Wassermaschine or water-carriage with musicians in fishscale costumes and a sleeping Cupid hanging by one leg. The car is followed by two winged women in heraldic colours and a sign Dormiens Anima Cupidini. Part of the celebration of the birth of Freiderich. Taken from Delineation und Abbildung aller furstlichen Aufzug und Ritterspielen by Esaias von Hulsen, 1617. Handcoloured copperplate engraving from Robert von Spalart's Historical Picture of the Costumes of the Principal People of Antiquity and of the Middle Ages. / Bridgeman Images
FLO4703288: A procession with riders mounted on a unicorn, a goat and a horse wearing heraldic colours. The male and female riders hold lances with banners. Part of the celebration of the birth of Freiderich. Taken from Delineation und Abbildung aller furstlichen Aufzug und Ritterspielen by Esaias von Hulsen, 1617. Handcoloured copperplate engraving from Robert von Spalart's Historical Picture of the Costumes of the Principal People of Antiquity and of the Middle Ages. / Bridgeman Images