KWE3033707: A chief of the Roro tribe from Papua New Guinea, Melanesia, decorated for a ceremonial dance. The ornament hanging over the middle of his chest is the badge of his office: its essential feature being the double row of boars' tusks ground down into thin plates. From Customs of The World, published c.1913. / Bridgeman Images
KWE3033709: Initiation on Bougainville Island, Papua New Guinea, Melanesia as shown in a 19th century photograph. Four or five youths were chosen and taken into a hut to do various forms of labour, learn the tribal rules and had to always wear the curious hats shown in the picture. When their hair filled the hat the period of seclusion was over. From Customs of The World, published c.1913. / Bridgeman Images
KWE3033731: A Kenyah woman from Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia, with distended ear lobes. The ear lobes are pierced at an early age and when the hole is sufficiently large a copper ring is inserted and eventually others are added until the the lobe reaches to below the collar bone, the weight on each ear can be as much as two and a half pounds. After a 19th century photograph. From Customs of The World, published c.1913. / Bridgeman Images
KWE3033734: A Dayak, Dyak or Dayuh man from the island of Borneo, seen here in gala costume. Every year or two the Dayaks hold a feast called Gawai Autu in honour of the departed spirits which they believe surround the heads which hang in their houses. After a 19th century photograph. From Customs of The World, published c.1913. / Bridgeman Images
KWE3033757: The use of deception in war. A Chinese emperor of the 2nd century BC using mannequins on his besieged city walls to deceive the enemy. Legend has it that the mannequins were dressed as beautiful women and when the wife of the invading chieftain saw them she was so jealous that she persuaded her husband to withdraw his army. From Hutchinson's History of the Nations, published 1915. / Bridgeman Images