EVB2936345: Dutch tobacco shop. Four men are gathered around a table smoking long-stemmed pipes; at left, two men with a child purchase tobacco at the shop counter. With European adoption of smoking, tobacco became the economic foundation of the British North American colonies in the 17th century / Bridgeman Images
EVB2936430: A man in Turkish dress slashes an opium poppy bud to extract the sap from the seed capsule. Opium was introduced to Europe from Asia in the 16th century, and used as a painkiller. European engraving from the title page of OPIOLOGIA, A TREATISE CONCERNING THE NATURE, PROPERTIES, TRUE PREPARATION AND SAFE USE AND ADMINISTRATION OF OPIUM. 17th century / Bridgeman Images
EVB2936505: Polio (Poliomyelitis) virus, the cause of Infantile Paralysis, was discovered in 1908 by Karl Landsteiner. The vaccine for polio was developed between 1948 and 1953, when the researchers were able to grow large amounts of the virus, and Jonas Salk developed a safe killed-virus vaccine / Bridgeman Images
EVB2936572: Hospital staff are examining a patient in a tank respirator, iron lung, during a Rhode Island polio epidemic. The iron lung encased the thoracic cavity externally in an air-tight chamber. The chamber was used to create a negative pressure around the thoracic cavity, thereby causing air to rush into the lungs to equalize intrapulmonary pressure. c. 1960 / Bridgeman Images
EVB2936590: Adah B. Thoms (1870-1943), African American registered nurse who co-founded the National Association of Colored Nurses (with Martha Franklin) in 1912. The organization campaigned for integration of black nurses in hospitals, in nursing education, and in the U.S. military. Print from PATHFINDERS, A HISTORY OF THE PROGRESS OF COLORED GRADUATE NUYRSES, 1927 / Bridgeman Images