PIX4616171: March: chaotic terrain between Kasei Valles and Sacra Fossae - Mars: Chaotic terrain between Kasei Valles and Sacra Fossae - Region bordering Kasei Valles and Sacra Fossae. The large impact crater is 35 km in diameter. The image covering an area of 225 km by 95 km was obtained by the Mars Express probe. Mars Express flew over the boundary between Kasei Valles and Sacra Fossae and imaged the region, acquiring spectacular views of the chaotic terrain in the area. The images are centred at 12* N/285* E and have a ground resolution of about 21 m/pixel. They cover 225 x 95 km or 21.375 sq km, an area roughly half the size of the Netherlands. The image shows an old 35 km - diameter impact crater in the north. The crater's southwestern rim is eroded strongly, mostly by flowing water. The source of the water was located in Echo Chasma, which lies about 850 km to the southwest / Bridgeman Images
PIX4616083: Mars: crater in Myers Valles - Mars: crater in Myers Valles - Mamers Valles is a valley about 1000 km long located in the region of Deuteronilus Mensae, north of Arabia Terra. The image obtained by the Mars Express probe on 5 August 2006 shows a crater at the end of this valley. This circular formation measures about thirty kilometres in diameter and is 1400 metres deep. There are traces of flow of material probably composed of water ice, similar to the relief left by the passage of glaciers on Earth. The darker area could be caused by local erosion or wind-driven material. The High - Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) onboard the ESA spacecraft Mars Express obtained images focusing on a depression that displays a crater at the end of the long, winding valley, Mamers Valles. The data was obtained on 5 August 2006 with a ground resolution of approximately 14 m/per pixel. The image is centred at approximately 39* north and 17* east on the planet. The valley of Mamers Valles is approximately 1000 km long, running along the boundary between the northern lowlands and southern highlands in the region of Deuteronilus Mensae. This region shows numerous deep and wide labyrinth - like valleys and circular depressions which often show structures formed by flowing liquid on their even floors. The structures formed by the flows are thought to be ice - rich debris flows. They show some resemblance to block glaciers seen on Earth. The patches of rock at the centre of the depression are thought to be remnants of rock detached from the flanks of the depression and transported into its centre. The wrinkle ridges, are formed by compressive forces acting on the surface. The dark coloured material inside the crater could have formed in - situ or was transported by the wind. The depression is approximately 30 km wide and 1400 m deep / Bridgeman Images
PIX4616480: Martian dunes in winter - March: Winter view of Dunes - Detail on dunes in a crater located in the southern hemisphere of Mars. Clearly, areas covered with gel appear on this image obtained by the HIRISE camera of the Mars Reconnaissance probe orbiter on November 25, 2006. HIRISE is a 50 cm telescope that observes visible and near infrared. Dunes within a crater on Mars are visible in this HiRise image. This crater is located in the southern hemisphere where it was winter at the time this image was taken on November 25, 2006. This observation documents new seasonal processes occurring on dunes at this latitude, as well as other interesting phenomena. The bright tones are interpreted as carbon dioxide or water frost. This is generally concentrated on the east - facing slopes of the dunes, which are in shadow and therefore cooler. Some dark spots on the dunes may be areas that have defrosted more than surrounding terrain. Landslides and dark - toned streaks are seen on many of the west - facing dune slopes. The general dune morphology indicates formation by westerly winds / Bridgeman Images
PIX4618996: Nebulae in the Carene - H - Alpha - The Carene nebula (NGC 3372), on the right, is located about 7000 light years from Earth. It is home to many hot stars, including the star Eta Carinae. Lower left, nebulae NGC 3603 and NGC 3576. Image made with an H - alpha filter in Chile / Bridgeman Images
PIX4618577: Hubble Nebula (NGC 2261) in Unicorn - NGC 2261, Hubble's variable nebula - The Hubble Nebula is a weak nebulosite that surrounds the star R Monocerotis (R Mon), the bright star at the bottom of the nebula. The mass of the star R Mon is about 10 times that of the sun. It is approximately 2600 light years away and is only 300,000 years old. Image obtained by Siding Spring's 3.9m telescope. Hubble's variable nebula is in Monoceros and was the first object to be photographed with the famous 200 inch Hale Telescope at Palomar in 1948. This curious object is a reflection nebula in which is embedded the star R Monocerotis. Variations in the appearance of the nebula were noted by the American astronomer Edwin Hubble in 1916. They are probably caused by opaque clouds of dust passing between the hidden star and the outskirts of the nebula we see, the moving shadows changing the apparent form of the glowing dust in an irregular way. This picture was made from three AAT plates taken over several years and subtle colour changes around the edge of the nebula are indications of the variability / Bridgeman Images
PIX4616684: Mars surface seen by the rover Curiosity 01/2014 - Martian surface seen from the rover Curiosity 01/2014 - Panorama of the surface of Mars in the crater Gale. A small sand dune one metre high is visible in the center of the image. Mosaic of images obtained by the rover Curiosity is his Mastcam camera on January 28, 2014. This scene combines images taken by the left - eye camera of the Mast Camera (Mastcam) instrument on Nasa's Curiosity Mars rover during the midafternoon, local Mars solar time, of the mission's 526th Martian day, or sol (Jan. 28, 2014). The sand dune in the upper center of the image spans a gap, called “” Dingo Gap,””” between two short scarps. The dune is about 3 feet (1 meter) high. The nearer edge of it is about 115 feet (35 meters) away from the top's position when the component images were taken, just after a Sol 526 drive of 49 feet (15 meters). The image has been white - balanced to show what the rocks would look like if they were on Earth / Bridgeman Images
PIX4616339: Mars - Satellite Phobos - Martian moon Phobos - View of the satellite Phobos obtained by the Mars Express probe on January 9, 2011, at a distance of 100 km from the satellite. The south pole is indicated. Mars Express took this image of the surface of the moon Phobos on January 9, 2011. Mars Express passed Mars' largest moon at a distance of 100 km. South pole is indicated / Bridgeman Images
PIX4616156: Mars: craters and channels in Hephaestus Fossae - Mars: craters and channels in Hephaestus Fossae - Impact crateres and channel system in Hephaestus Fossae, a region on Mars located on the western flank of Elysium Mons. The large impact crater on the left of the image measures 20 km in diameter. The image covering an area of about 150 square km was obtained by the Mars Express probe on 28 December 2007. This image of Hephaestus Fossae was obtained by Esa's Mars Express orbiter on 28 December 2007. The region is dotted with craters and channel systems and lies at about 21* North and 126* East on the Red Planet. Named after the Greek god of fire, Hephaestus Fossae extends for more than 600 km on the western flank of Elysium Mons in the Utopia Planitia region. The surface is mostly smooth, and is covered by several small impact craters measuring 800 to 2800 m in diameter. Smaller craters are scattered across the entire region. The left side of the image shows a large impact crater measuring 20 km in diameter. Covering an area of approximately 150 sq km, a crater of this size on Earth could harbour cities such as Bonn or Kiel. In contrast to the smaller craters, it shows a blanket of ejecta with flow forms surrounding the rim / Bridgeman Images
PIX4618271: Tarantula Nebula in the Great Magellan Cloud - Tarantula Nebula in the Great Magellan Cloud - NGC 2070, the Tarantula Nebula is a vast star-forming region located north of the Great Magellan Cloud galaxy, in the southern hemisphere about 170,000 years - light from Earth. Image obtained by the 1.5m Danish telescope of La Silla - Chile / Bridgeman Images
PIX4617629: Orion Nebula M42 in Orion - The Orion Nebula - Located 1500 years - light, Orion Nebula is the closest star-forming region of the Sun. Image obtained with the 1.2m Schmidt UK Telescope from Siding Spring. To the eye, the nebula appears as a misty patch around the central star of the line of three which form Orion's sword. Binoculars or a modest telescope will show that these three 'stars' are loose groups of several individuals some of which can be seen in this photograph. The central group of stars, the Trapezium cluster is hidden in the glow of the Orion Nebula in this photograph, but these stars are responsible for producing the nebula. It is the high concentration of dust and gas in this part of the sky which has resulted in the formation of the stars, so the Orion nebula is no random association of bright stars and dusty gas. At a distance of 1500 light years, the Orion nebula is the nearest star - forming region to the Sun / Bridgeman Images
PIX4618502: Star cluster NGC 2244 in the nebula of the Rosette - Star cluster NGC 2244 in the nebula of the Rosette - Detail of the nebula of the centre Rosette on the cluster of stars NGC 2244. This cluster contains about thirty massive OB stars and is located about 5000 years - light in the constellation Unicorn / Bridgeman Images
PIX4615845: March - Opportunity - Cratere Victoria 09 - 2006 - March: Victoria crater seen from rover Opportunity - Panorama obtained by the rover Opportunity on 28 and 29 September 2006. The Rover Opportunity landed on Mars in the Meridiani Planum region on January 25, 2004. Opportunity reached the Victoria crater on September 27, 2006 after travelling more than 9 km on the surface of Mars. The Victoria crater is about 800 metres wide and its south face on the left is about 6 metres above ground. This image taken by the panoramic camera on the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity shows the view of Victoria Crater from Duck Bay. Opportunity reached Victoria Crater on Sol 951 (September 27, 2006) after traversing 9.28 kilometers (5.77 miles) since her landing site at Eagle Crater. Victoria Crater is roughly 800 meters (one - half mile) wide - - about five times wider than Endurance Crater, and 40 times as wide as Eagle crater. The south face of the 6 meter (20 foot) tall layered Cape Verde promontory can be seen in the left side of the inner crater wall, about 50 meters (about 165 feet) away from the rover at the time of the imaging. The north face of the 15 meter (50 foot) tall stack of layered rocks called Cabo Frio can be seen on the right side of the inner crater wall. This mosaic was taken on Sols 952 and 953 (September 28 and 29, 2006). There are 30 separate pointings through 6 different filters at each pointing / Bridgeman Images
PIX4618217: Nebula M78 in Orion - M78 nebula in Orion - The reflexion nebula M78 (NGC 2068) is located about 1300 years - light from Earth and extends over 4 years - light. Image obtained with the 2.2 meter MPG/ESO telescope at the La Silla Observatory. Messier 78 is a fine example of a reflection nebula. The ultraviolet radiation from the stars that illuminate it is not intense enough to ionise the gas to make it glow - - its dust particles simply reflect the starlight that falls on them. Despite this, Messier 78 can easily be observed with a small telescope, being one of the brightest reflection nebulae in the sky. It lies about 1350 light - years away in the constellation of Orion (The Hunter) and can be found northeast of the easternmost star of Orion's belt. Two bright stars, HD 38563A and HD 38563B, are the main powerhouses behind Messier 78. However, the nebula is home to many more stars, including a collection of about 45 low mass, young stars (less than 10 million years old) in which the cores are still too cool for hydrogen fusion to start, known as T Tauri stars. Studying T Tauri stars is important for understanding the early stages of star formation and how planetary systems are created. Remarkably, this complex of nebulae has also changed significantly in the last ten years. In February 2004 the experienced amateur observer Jay McNeil took an image of this region with a 75 mm telescope and was surprised to see a bright nebula - - the prominent fan shaped feature near the bottom of this picture - - where nothing was seen on most earlier images. This object is now known as McNeil's Nebula and it appears to be a highly variable reflection nebula around a young star. Image taken with the MPG/ESO 2.2 - metre telescope at the La Silla Observatory / Bridgeman Images
PIX4619800: Nebula NGC 6559 in Sagittarius - NGC 6559 and IC 1274 - 75 in Sagittarius - Located in Sagittarius, this nebula is located at a distance of about 5000 years - light from Earth. Image made with the 1.2m Telescope of Schmidt UK from Siding Spring. This dusty region is probably associated with the brighter and better - known Lagoon and Trifid Nebulae which are nearby in the sky and part of the same molecular cloud. The soft red glow of fluorescent hydrogen is evidence that there are young hot stars associated with the dusty clouds. These bright stars also illuminate the tiny solid particles, producing blue reflection nebulae bordering some of the emission regions. The dust is also evident in silhouette, both as sinuous dark lanes winding through the luminous gas and as the dark patches obscuring the ancient, yellow stars that populate the central parts of the Milky Way / Bridgeman Images
PIX4618883: Detail of the nebula NGC 3324 in the Carene - Detail of nebula NGC 3324 in Carina - Detail of the nebula NGC 3324 obtained by the Hubble space telescope. This nebula is located in the southern hemisphere, close to the great Carene nebula about 7200 light years from Earth. The image obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope shows a gas wall at the edge of a cavite created by the radiation and stellar winds blown by young warm stars. Hubble space telescope image shows the edge of a giant gaseous cavity within the star - forming region called NGC 3324. The glowing nebula has been carved out by intense ultraviolet radiation and stellar winds from several hot, young stars. A cluster of extremely massive stars, located well outside this image in the center of the nebula, is responsible for the ionization of the nebula and excavation of the cavity. The image also reveals dramatic dark towers of cool gas and dust that rise above the glowing wall of gas. The dense gas at the top resists the blistering ultraviolet radiation from the central stars, and creates a tower that points in the direction of the energy flow. The high - energy radiation blazing out from the hot, young stars in NGC 3324 is sculpting the wall of the nebula by slowly eroding it away. Located in the Southern Hemisphere, NGC 3324 is at the northwest corner of the Carina Nebula (NGC 3372), home of the Keyhole Nebula and the active, outbursting star Eta Carinae. The entire Carina Nebula complex is located at a distance of roughly 7,200 light - years, and lies in the constellation Carina. This image is a composite of data taken with two of Hubble's science instruments. Data taken with the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) in 2006 isolated light emitted by hydrogen. More recent data, taken in 2008 with the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2), isolated light emitted by sulfur and oxygen gas. To create a color composite, the data from the sulfur filter are represented by re / Bridgeman Images
PIX4616055: March: Hebes Chasma - Mars: Hebes Chasma - Hebes Chasma is a basin of almost 8000 m deep located in the northern part of Valles Marineris, the great Martian canyon. At the centre of this depression is a stratified plateau that constitutes sedimentary deposits. Perspective image obtained by the Mars Express probe in 2005. Perspective view of Hebes Chasma obtained by the High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) on ESA's Mars Express spacecraft. Hebes Chasma is an enclosed trough, almost 8000 m deep, in Valles Marineris, the Grand Canyon of Mars, where water is believed to have flowed. Hebes Chasma is located at approximately 1* south and 282* east. The HRSC obtained image data on 16 September 2005 with a ground resolution of approximately 15 m/pixel / Bridgeman Images
PIX4616213: March -View of the south pole - Mars South Pole: Image of the southern polar cap of Mars obtained by the Mars Express probe on December 17, 2012. The bright white region of this image shows the icy cap that covers Mars' south pole, composed of frozen water and carbon dioxide. The southern cap reaches some 3 km thick in places, and is around 350 km in diameter. This icy region is permanent; in the martian winter another, thinner ice cap forms over the top of it, stretching further out across the planet and disappearing again when the weather warms up. Mars Express imaged this area of March on 17 December 2012, in infrared, green and blue light, using its High Resolution Stereo Camera. / Bridgeman Images