PIX4615388: Image made from altimetric data obtained by the Mars Global Surveyor probe. The northern polar cap is mostly made up of water ice. It measures about 1100 km - Altimetric image of north pole made from MOLA instrument observations on the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. This image is colored according to the relative height of the surface features: North Mars pole seen by Mars Global Surveyor - Mars north pole / Bridgeman Images
PIX4615389: Mars - View of the north pole - Mars north pole - Image based on altimetric data obtained by the Mars Global Surveyor probe. The northern polar cap is mostly made up of water ice. It's about 1100 km long. The ice - rich north polar cap (the quasi - circular white area at center) is approximately 1,000 kilometers (621 miles) across. The white cap is riven with dark, spiral - shaped bands. These are deep troughs that are in shadow. They do not reflect sunlight as well or have more internal layers exposed. To the right of center, a large canyon, Chasma Boreale, almost bisects the ice cap. Chasma Boreale is about the length of the United States' famous Grand Canyon and up to 2 kilometers (1.2 miles) deep. The image synthesizes topographic data from Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) and images from the Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) / Bridgeman Images
PIX4615818: Mars: dunes in the crater Endurance - Mars: Endurance crater dunes - Image obtained by the rover Opportunity in August 2004. The Rover Opportunity landed on Mars in the Meridiani Planum region on January 25, 2004. This approximate true - color panoramic camera image highlights the reddish - colored dust present in Endurance crater floor. Sinuous tendrils of sand less than 1 meter (3.3 feet) high extend from the main dune field towards the rover. Image made by the martian rover Opportunity in August 2004 / Bridgeman Images
PIX4616695: Mars surface seen by the rover Curiosity 09/2015 - Martian surface seen from the rover Curiosity 09/2015: Panorama of the surface of Mars on Mount Sharp. Mosaic of images obtained by the rover Curiosity on September 9, 2015. This composite image looking toward the higher regions of Mount Sharp was taken on September 9, 2015, by Nasa's Curiosity rover. In the foreground - about 2 miles (3 kilometers) from the rover - is a long ridge teeming with hematite, an iron oxide. Just beyond is an undulating plain rich in clay minerals. And just beyond that are a multitude of rounded buttes, all high in sulfate minerals. The changing mineralogy in these layers of Mount Sharp suggests a changing environment in early Mars, though all involve exposure to water billions of years ago. Further back in the image are striking, light-toned cliffs in rock that may have formed in drier times and now is heavily eroded by winds. The colors are adjusted so that rocks look approximately as they would if they were on Earth, to help geologists interpret the rocks. This “” white balancing”” to adjust for the lighting on Mars overly compensates for the absence of blue on Mars, making the sky appear light blue and sometimes giving dark, black rocks a blue cast / Bridgeman Images
PIX4619391: Nebulae NGC 6334 and NGC 6357 in Scorpio - Nebulae NGC 6334 and NGC 6357 in Scorpius: These nebulae are located about 5500 light years from Earth - Located in the constellation of Scorpius, the Cat's Paw Nebula resemble a faint, luminous paw-print on the sky. Deep images reveal that the nebula is about a degree across in the sky. At a distance of about 5500 light-years away it is a truly vast structure spanning almost 100 light-years across. The sculpted gases of NGC 6334 are illuminated by the light of numerous powerful stars, some exceeding 10 solar masses. The two brilliant blue stars in the upper left are Lambda and Kappa Scorpii. Many of these luminous hot stars are surprisingly not visible because they lie within the dusty plane of our galaxy. At infrared wavelengths the numerous hot stars are revealed and the nature of this object as a region of massive star formation becomes clear. In the past decade water masers, molecular outflows, and x-ray sources have provided direct evidence of clusters of protostars within NGC 6334. The nebula was discovered by John Herschel in 1837, and the brief and uninformative description in his Cape Observations catalog is a testament to its faintness. The ruddy hue of this complex is the result of the absorption of blue light by the ubiquitous dust clouds along our line of sight in the plane of the Milky Way. The red, intricate bubble making up the left paw print is particularly striking and is most likely either a star expelling large amounts of matter at high speed as it nears the end of its life or the remnant of a recent supernova - Located near the famous “” Cat Paw”” nebula (NGC 6334), the Stellar Cluster Pismis 24 lies at the core of NGC 6357. Its stars include some of the most massive stellar behemoths known. One of the brightest stars in the cluster, Pismis 24-1, was thought possibly to be the most massive on record, approaching 300 solar masses, until it was discovered by the Hubble Telescope to b / Bridgeman Images
PIX4616480: Martian dunes in winter - March: Winter view of Dunes - Detail on dunes in a crater located in the southern hemisphere of Mars. Clearly, areas covered with gel appear on this image obtained by the HIRISE camera of the Mars Reconnaissance probe orbiter on November 25, 2006. HIRISE is a 50 cm telescope that observes visible and near infrared. Dunes within a crater on Mars are visible in this HiRise image. This crater is located in the southern hemisphere where it was winter at the time this image was taken on November 25, 2006. This observation documents new seasonal processes occurring on dunes at this latitude, as well as other interesting phenomena. The bright tones are interpreted as carbon dioxide or water frost. This is generally concentrated on the east - facing slopes of the dunes, which are in shadow and therefore cooler. Some dark spots on the dunes may be areas that have defrosted more than surrounding terrain. Landslides and dark - toned streaks are seen on many of the west - facing dune slopes. The general dune morphology indicates formation by westerly winds / Bridgeman Images
PIX4618271: Tarantula Nebula in the Great Magellan Cloud - Tarantula Nebula in the Great Magellan Cloud - NGC 2070, the Tarantula Nebula is a vast star-forming region located north of the Great Magellan Cloud galaxy, in the southern hemisphere about 170,000 years - light from Earth. Image obtained by the 1.5m Danish telescope of La Silla - Chile / Bridgeman Images
PIX4619716: Nebulae Lagoon (M8) and Trifide (M20) in Sagittarius - The Lagoon and Trifid Nebulae Single 45 minute exposure on gas - hypersensitized Fujicolor Super HG 400 taken with an Astro - Physic's 130 EdT f/8 refractor working at f/6 with telecompressor at 3:00 am on May 21, 1993 from Massai Point, Arizona, Arizona, USA / Bridgeman Images
PIX4617475: Nebula NGC 281 in Cassiopee - Nebula NGC 281 in Cassiopeia - NGC 281 is a star-forming region about 10,000 light years away from Earth in the constellation Cassiopee. At the center of this nebula is the cluster of stars IC 1590 whose stars are only a few million years old. Image obtained by combining light through 3 different filters that highlight oxygen, hydrogen, and sulfur. NGC 281 is a busy workshop of star formation. Prominent features include a small open cluster of stars, a diffuse emission nebula, large lanes of obscuring gas and dust, and dense knots of dust and gas in which stars may still be forming. The open cluster of stars IC 1590 visible around the center has formed only in the last few million years. The brightest member of this cluster is actually a multiple - star system shining light that helps ionize the nebula's gas. The lanes of dust visible below the center are likely homes of future star formation. The entire NGC 281 system lies about 10 thousand light years distant. Narrowband composite (Hubble Palette) H - alpha, OIII, SII / Bridgeman Images
PIX4618192: Nebula M78 in Orion - M78 nebula in Orion - The nebula M78 (NGC 2068) is located about 1300 years - light from Earth and extends over 4 years - light. Composite image obtained with different large telescopes. M78, (NGC2068) is part of the Orion complex, a large region of star - forming gas and dust centred around M42 and M43. It is the brightest diffuse reflection nebula in the sky. M78 is some 1600 light - years away and around 4 light - years across. Composite Image from Multiple Data Sources / Bridgeman Images