PIX4613612: Barree spiral galaxy UGC 12158 - Galaxy UGC 12158 - The galaxy UGC 12158, is about 400 million light years away from Earth in the constellation Pegase. In this image obtained by the Hubble space telescope, a blue star is visible near the center of the galaxy (lower left), it is a supernova, SN 2004ef. The galaxy captured in this image, called UGC 12158, certainly isn't camera - shy: this spiral stunner is posing face - on to the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope's Advanced Camera for Surveys, revealing its structure in fine detail. UGC 12158 is an excellent example of a barred spiral galaxy in the Hubble sequence - - a scheme used to categorise galaxies based on their shapes. Barred spirals, as the name suggest, feature spectacular swirling arms of stars that emanate from a bar - shaped centre. Such bar structures are common, being found in about two thirds of spiral galaxies, and are thought to act as funnels, guiding gas to their galactic centres where it accumulates to form newborn stars. These aren't permanent structures: astronomers think that they slowly disperse over time, so that the galaxies eventually evolve into regular spirals. The appearance of a galaxy changes little over millions of years, but this image also contains a short - lived and brilliant interloper - - the bright blue star just to the lower left of the centre of the galaxy is very different from the several foreground stars seen in the image. It is in fact a supernova inside UGC 12158 and much further away than the Milky Way stars in the field - - at a distance of about 400 million light - years! This stellar explosion, called SN 2004ef, was first spotted by two British amateur astronomers in September 2004 and the Hubble data shown here form part of the follow - up observations. This picture was created from images taken with the Wide Field Channel of Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys. Images through blue (F475W, colored blue), yellow (F606W, c / Bridgeman Images

PIX4613619: Interacting Galaxies Arp 256 in the Whale - Interacting galaxies Arp 256 in Cetus - The galaxy Arp 256, also called VV 352, is about 350 million years away from Earth. It's a pair of spiral galaxies interacting. Regions of intense star formations appear in blue. Image obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope on 22 May 2002. Arp 256 is a stunning system of two spiral galaxies in an early stage of merging. The Hubble image displays two galaxies with strongly disrupted shapes and an astonishing number of blue knots of star formation that look like exploding fireworks. The galaxy to the left has two extended ribbon - like tails of gas, dust and stars. The system is a luminous infrared system radiating more than a hundred billion times the luminosity of our Sun. Arp 256 is located in the constellation of Cetus, the Whale, about 350 million light - years away. It is the 256th galaxy in ARP's Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies / Bridgeman Images

FLO4613635: Mesange huppee. Lopophanes cristatus cristatus (Parus cristatus). Copper engraving by Edward Donovan (1768-1837), published in Histoire naturelle des oiseaux britanniques, London, 1794-1819., Donovan, Edward (1768-1837) / Bridgeman Images

PIX4613637: Galaxy ESO 77 - 14 - Galaxy ESO 77 - 14 - The galaxy ESO 77 - 14 is about 550 million light years away from Earth in the southern constellation of the Indian. This system consists of two interacting galaxies. Image obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope on August 17, 2001. This image of ESO 77 - 14 is a stunning snapshot of a celestial dance performed by a pair of similar sized galaxies. Two clear signatures of the gravitational tug of war between the galaxies are the bridge of material that connects them and the disruption of their main bodies. The galaxy on the right has a long, bluish arm while its companion has a shorter, redder arm. This interacting pair is in the constellation of Indus, the Indian, some 550 million light - years away from Earth. The dust lanes between the two galaxy centers show the extent of the distortion to the originally flat disks that have been pulled into three - dimensional shapes. Image taken by the Hubble space telescope on august 17, 2001 / Bridgeman Images

FLO4613639: Snow Sparrow. Plectrophenax nivalis (Emberiza nivalis). Copper engraving by Edward Donovan (1768-1837), published in Histoire naturelle des oiseaux britanniques, London, 1794-1819., Donovan, Edward (1768-1837) / Bridgeman Images

FLO4613647: Troil's murrelet. Uria aalge (Colymbus troile). Copper engraving by Edward Donovan (1768-1837), published in Histoire naturelle des oiseaux britanniques, London, 1794-1819., Donovan, Edward (1768-1837) / Bridgeman Images

FLO4613656: Horned grebe or earhorn grebe. Podiceps auritus (Colymbus auritus). Copper engraving by Edward Donovan (1768-1837), published in Histoire naturelle des oiseaux britanniques, London, 1794-1819., Donovan, Edward (1768-1837) / Bridgeman Images

PIX4613665: Markarian Galaxy 817 - Galaxy Markarian 817 - The spiral galaxy Markarian 817 is located 430 million light years ago in the constellation Dragon. This galaxy houses in its heart a supermassive black hole. Image obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope on August 2, 2009. Rings of brilliant blue stars encircle the bright, active core of this spiral galaxy, whose monster black hole is blasting material into space at over 14 million kilometers per hour. Viewed nearly face - on, the galaxy, called Markarian 817, shows intense star - forming regions and dark bands of interstellar dust along its spiral arms. Observations by the new Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) aboard the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope captured the powerful outflow of material from this galaxy. The COS spectrum of Markarian 817 highlights the outflow's dynamic nature. A gas cloud containing hydrogen that was detected in Hubble data taken in 1997 does not appear in the COS observation because the cloud has apparently been driven out by an outflow of material from the galaxy. This discharge is being powered by a huge disc of matter encircling the supermassive black hole, which is 40 million times more massive than our Sun. The disc is driving the material out of the galaxy through powerful winds, produced by streams of charged particles. Some of the outflow rains back onto the galaxy. The rest settles into the intergalactic gas. Markarian 817 is 430 million light - years away in the northern constellation of Draco. The Hubble image was taken with the Wide Field Camera 3 on 2 August 2009. The composite image was made by using filters that isolate light from the blue, green and infrared portions of the spectrum, as well as emission from glowing hydrogen / Bridgeman Images

FLO4613681: Tiny beak. Calidris minutilla (Tringa cinclus). Copper engraving by Edward Donovan (1768-1837), published in Histoire naturelle des oiseaux britanniques, London, 1794-1819., Donovan, Edward (1768-1837) / Bridgeman Images

FLO4611580: Dissection of the human diaphragm, chest cavity, and details of the pharynx and larynx. Copperplate engraving by Robert Benard after an illustration by Albrecht von Haller from Denis Diderot's Encyclopedia, Pellet, Geneva, 1779. / Bridgeman Images

PIX4611595: Spiral galaxy of the Sombrero M104 infrared view - Sombrero galaxy seen in infrared - Infrared image of the spiral galaxy M104 (Sombrero galaxy), located about 28 million years ago - light, obtained with the Spitzer space telescope in 2004 and January 2005. Infrared radiation shows the dust of the disc visible throughout the circumference. A high emission also comes from the center of the galaxy where a supermassive black hole is thought to reside there. This spiral galaxy is located some 28 million light - years away. The infrared image obtained by Spitzer space telescope in 2004 and 2005 pierces through the obscuring dust, along with the bulge of stars. It shows that the disk is warped, which is often the result of a gravitational encounter with another galaxy; clumpy areas spotted in the far edges of the ring indicate young star - forming regions. Spitzer detected infrared emission not only from the ring, but from the center of the galaxy too, where there is a huge black hole, believed to be a billion times more massive than our Sun / Bridgeman Images

PIX4611598: Spiral galaxy of Sombrero M104 in the Virgin - The Sombrero galaxy (M104) in Virgo - The spiral galaxy M104 (NGC 4594, Sombrero galaxy) is located about 28 million years ago - light. Image obtained with the ANTU telescope of the VLT on January 30, 2000. The light from this remarkable spiral system is dominated by the billions of old, faint stars that form the vast 'bulge' around its tiny hidden nucleus. Most spirals, including the Milky Way, have clouds of old, faint stars around their nuclei, but in M104 the galaxy's light is dominated by them. This effect is enhanced because disk of the galaxy is seen nearly edge - on and dust in its outer parts is in silhouette as it crosses the picture. The galaxy is about 28 million light years distant. This image was obtained with FORS1 instrument on ANTU telescope at Paranal observatory on January 30 2000 / Bridgeman Images

FLO4611607: Trunk of the hepatic portal vein. Copperplate engraving by Robert Benard from Denis Diderot's Encyclopedia, Pellet, Geneva, 1779. / Bridgeman Images

FLO4611624: Arteries in the face. Copperplate engraving by Robert Benard after an illustration by Albrecht von Haller from Denis Diderot's Encyclopedia, Pellet, Geneva, 1779. / Bridgeman Images

PIX4611656: Spiral galaxy of Sombrero M104 in the Virgin - The Sombrero galaxy (M104) in Virgo - Image of the spiral galaxy M104 or NGC 4594 (Sombrero galaxy), located between 28 and 40 million years - light. Image obtained with a telescope 61 cm in diameter, 3h40 laying. The Sombrero, named after the broad - brimmed Mexican hat it superficially resembles, is probably the most famous galaxy in the sky. The spiral galaxy is between 28 to 40 million light years distant. Image taken with a 24 - inch telescope, total exposure time: 3 hours 40 minutes / Bridgeman Images

FLO4611696: Second position of the disarm in tierce, disarm on the carte or seconde thrust, and second position of the disarm on the carte. Copperplate engraving by Robert Benard from the Fencing fencing section of Denis Diderot's Encyclopedia, Pellet, Geneva, 1779. / Bridgeman Images

PIX4611703: Galaxy NGC 4631 in Hunting Dogs - Spiral galaxy NGC 4631 in Canes Venatici - Spiral galaxy seen by the slice located at a distance of 30 million years - light. His small companion, the elliptical galaxy NGC 4627, is visible just above it. This huge edge - on galaxy has a small companion, an elliptical galaxy, NGC 4627, which seems to interact strongly with it / Bridgeman Images

FLO4611726: Fencers in outside guard/thrust positions, tierce and carte positions, tierce and second positions. Copperplate engraving by Robert Benard from the Fencing fencing section of Denis Diderot's Encyclopedia, Pellet, Geneva, 1779. / Bridgeman Images

FLO4611738: Second, third, fourth and fifth positions of the salute, and inside parade. Copperplate engraving by Robert Benard from the Fencing fencing section of Denis Diderot's Encyclopedia, Pellet, Geneva, 1779. / Bridgeman Images

PIX4611740: Galaxies NGC 4631 and NGC 4656 - 57 in Hunting Dogs - Galaxies NGC 4631 and NGC 4656 - 57 - The spiral galaxy NGC 4631 (upper right) is a galaxy seen by the slice that is located at a distance of 30 million years - light. His small companion, the elliptical galaxy NGC 4627, is visible just above it. Below the irregular galaxies NGC 4656 and NGC 4657. Galaxies NGC 4631 (top right) and NGC 4656 (bottom left) are two unusual galaxies in Canes Venatici. A small companion galaxy, NGC 4627, can be seen next to NGC 4631. The galaxies, which are located about 30 million lights years away, get their unusual shapes from gravitational interactions with each other. NGC 6431 and NGC 4627 are also listed in ARP's Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies as Arp 281 / Bridgeman Images

PIX4611764: Galaxies NGC 4631 and NGC 4656 - 57 in Hunting Dogs - Galaxies NGC 4631 and NGC 4656 - 57 - The spiral galaxy NGC 4631 (upper right) is a galaxy seen by the slice that is located at a distance of 30 million years - light. His small companion, the elliptical galaxy NGC 4627, is visible just above it. Below the irregular galaxies NGC 4656 and NGC 4657. Galaxies NGC 4631 (top right) and NGC 4656 (bottom left) are two unusual galaxies in Canes Venatici. A small companion galaxy, NGC 4627, can be seen next to NGC 4631. The galaxies, which are located about 30 million lights years away, get their unusual shapes from gravitational interactions with each other. NGC 6431 and NGC 4627 are also listed in ARP's Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies as Arp 281 / Bridgeman Images

PIX4611872: Spiral Galaxy NGC 4725 in Berenice's Hair - Spiral galaxy NGC 4725 in Coma Berenice / Bridgeman Images

FLO4611875: Rectum with seistule, syringotome (syringe) for incising the anal fistula, several bandages - Plate from “” L'Encyclopedie”” by Denis Diderot (1713-1784) and Jean Le Rond D'Alembert (1717-1783), 1779 - Rectum with sistule 1, syringotome scalpel 2, solar bandage 3, eye bandages 4,5, face mask 6, upperlip bandage 7, head divider 8, hernia bandages 9,10 and T bandages 11-14. Copperplate engraving by Robert Benard from Denis Diderot's Encyclopedia, Pellet, Geneva, 1779. / Bridgeman Images

PIX4611880: Spiral Galaxy NGC 4725 in Berenice's Hair - Spiral galaxy NGC 4725 in Coma Berenice / Bridgeman Images

FLO4611930: Trocade a tracheotomy, brush for the stomach, tumour in the chest after Lorenz Heister, scar after the elimination of the tumour, and ancient harmful and painful method of tracheotomy - Plate drawn from “” The Encyclopedie”” by Denis Diderot (1713-1784) and Jean Le Rond D'Alembert (1717-1783), 1779 - chotomy trocar 1, stomach brush 2, breast tumor after Lorenz Heister 3, scar after tumor removal 4, large breast tumor 5 and old mastectomy method more painful and harmful than useful 6. Copperplate engraving by Robert Benard from Denis Diderot's Encyclopedia, Pellet, Geneva, 1779. / Bridgeman Images

PIX4611934: Spiral Galaxy M94 in Hunting Dogs - Spiral galaxy M94 in Canes Venatici - The spiral galaxy M94 (NGC 4736) is located about 15 million years ago - light from Earth. The M94 spiral galaxy was classified as Sab because of the extreme luminosite of its central region. This galaxy has several ring zones of star formation, one of which is very active. Image obtained with a 50 cm telescope, composite of several poses. M94 is a spiral galaxy located 15 million light - year away. Several active regions of star formation have been identified there / Bridgeman Images

FLO4613016: Red grouse (female), Lagopus scotica. Handcoloured copperplate drawn and engraved by Edward Donovan from his own “Natural History of British Birds,” London, 1794-1819. Edward Donovan (1768-1837) was an Anglo-Irish amateur zoologist, writer, artist and engraver. He wrote and illustrated a series of volumes on birds, fish, shells and insects, opened his own museum of natural history in London, but later he fell on hard times and died penniless., Donovan, Edward (1768-1837) / Bridgeman Images

PIX4613026: Irregular galaxy NGC 6822 in Sagittarius - Irregular galaxy NGC 6822 in Sagittarius - The galaxy NGC 6822 is about 1.6 million years away - light from Earth. She belongs to our local group. The irregular galaxy NGC 6822 is located at only 1,6 million light year. It is a member of our local group / Bridgeman Images

FLO4613053: Canada goose, Branta canadensis. Handcoloured copperplate drawn and engraved by Edward Donovan from his own “Natural History of British Birds,” London, 1794-1819. Edward Donovan (1768-1837) was an Anglo-Irish amateur zoologist, writer, artist and engraver. He wrote and illustrated a series of volumes on birds, fish, shells and insects, opened his own museum of natural history in London, but later he fell on hard times and died penniless., Donovan, Edward (1768-1837) / Bridgeman Images

FLO4613057: American wood duck (female and young). Handcoloured copperplate drawn and engraved by Edward Donovan from his own “Natural History of British Birds,” London, 1794-1819. Edward Donovan (1768-1837) was an Anglo-Irish amateur zoologist, writer, artist and engraver. He wrote and illustrated a series of volumes on birds, fish, shells and insects, opened his own museum of natural history in London, but later he fell on hard times and died penniless., Donovan, Edward (1768-1837) / Bridgeman Images

PIX4613060: Spiral galaxy NGC 6946 in Cephee - Spiral galaxy NGC 6946 in Cepheus - Spiral galaxy NGC 6946 located about 10 million years ago - light in Cephee. Image obtained with a 90 cm telescope / Bridgeman Images

FLO4613072: Gadwall (male), Anas strepera. Handcoloured copperplate drawn and engraved by Edward Donovan from his own “Natural History of British Birds,” London, 1794-1819. Edward Donovan (1768-1837) was an Anglo-Irish amateur zoologist, writer, artist and engraver. He wrote and illustrated a series of volumes on birds, fish, shells and insects, opened his own museum of natural history in London, but later he fell on hard times and died penniless., Donovan, Edward (1768-1837) / Bridgeman Images

PIX4613077: Spiral galaxy NGC 6946 in Cephee - Spiral galaxy NGC 6946 in Cepheus - Spiral galaxy NGC 6946 located about 10 million years ago - light in Cephee. Composite image obtained from observations made by different telescopes / Bridgeman Images

PIX4613098: Interacting galaxies in the Austral Fish - Interacting galaxies in Piscis Austrinus - The galaxies NGC 7173 (middle left), NGC 7174 (middle right) and NGC 7176 (bottom right) photographed here by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), belong to a cluster of galaxies called Hickson Compact Group 90 (HCG 90), located about 100 million years ago lights in the constellation of Southern Fish. NGC 7173 and NGC 7176 are two elliptical galaxies while NGC 7174 is a spiral galaxy deformed by the gravitational forces exerted by its neighbors. The three pictured galaxies - - NGC 7173 (middle left), NCG 7174 (middle right) and NGC 7176 (lower right) - - are part of the Hickson Compact Group 90, named after astronomer Paul Hickson, who first catalogued these small clusters of galaxies in the 1980s. NGC 7173 and NGC 7176 appear to be smooth, normal elliptical galaxies without much gas and dust. In stark contrast, NGC 7174 is a mangled spiral galaxy, barely clinging to independent existence as it is ripped apart by its close neighbours. The strong tidal interaction surging through the galaxies has dragged a significant number of stars away from their home galaxies. These stars are now spread out, forming a tenuous luminous component in the galaxy group. This trio is part of a tight cluster of 16 galaxies, many of them being dwarf galaxies. The galaxy cluster Hickson Compact Group 90 lies about 100 million light - years away in the direction of the constellation Piscis Austrinus, the Southern Fish / Bridgeman Images

FLO4613105: Swan goose, Anser cygnoides, vulnerable. Handcoloured copperplate drawn and engraved by Edward Donovan from his own “Natural History of British Birds,” London, 1794-1819. Edward Donovan (1768-1837) was an Anglo-Irish amateur zoologist, writer, artist and engraver. He wrote and illustrated a series of volumes on birds, fish, shells and insects, opened his own museum of natural history in London, but later he fell on hard times and died penniless., Donovan, Edward (1768-1837) / Bridgeman Images

PIX4613107: Field around the group of galaxies HCG 90 - Wide field around group of galaxies HCG 90 - Region around the galaxy cluster calls Hickson Compact Group 90 (HCG 90), in the constellation Austral Poisson. A wide - field image of the region around the group of galaxies HCG 90 constructed from the images in the Digitized Sky Survey. The field - of - view is approximately 3.7 x 3.8 degrees / Bridgeman Images