Chagoya uses a variety of images derived from pop culture, pre-Colombian art, and Western art history to address the subject of colonialism in the U.S. and Latin America. He attended the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, studying political economy and contributing political cartoons to union newsletters there. Chagoya later moved to Berkeley, California, working as an illustrator and graphic designer, eventually attending the San Francisco Art Institute, earning a BFA in printmaking in 1984. He received an MA and MFA at the University of California, Berkeley, graduating in 1987. His work is in the collections of the Museum of Modern Art in New York, the Metropolitan museum, the Whitney Museum of American Art, and the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art.