PCT4273890: Philip II (Philip Augustus 1165 - 1223) instituting the first laws of public hygiene, noted on parchment by a copist monk. Under the rule of this king of France, the main roads of Paris were pavees, and the French capital was called “Paris sans pairs” (without equals). Chromolitography (chromo) advertising of Chocolat d'Annecy, early 20th century. / Bridgeman Images