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PIX4619299: Nebula NGC 6188 in the Altar - Nebula NGC 6188 is located about 4000 light years from Earth. It is home to a cluster of young stars NGC 6193, formed three million years ago. Mosaic of images / Bridgeman Images
PIX4619360: Nebula NGC 6334 in the Scorpion - The 'reddened' nebulosity of NGC 6334 - The nebula NGC 6334 is located about 5500 years - light from Earth. Image made with the 1.2m Telescope of Schmidt UK from Siding Spring. The star - forming nebula NGC 6334 shows no evidence of a blue component in their colour - indeed, the blue - light plate used in these 3 - colour pictures had no nebulous image at all - nor is there any obvious sign of the bright blue stars normally found in these objects. They are excellent examples of the phenomenon known as 'interstellar reddening', the selective removal of blue light by minute particles of dust in the line of sight. This accounts for both the ruddy hue and apparent absence of blue stars. The hot stars are present but only some of the red part of their light is seen so they are not conspicuous. This nebula is quite nearby (5500 light years) but located close to the Galactic plane and are buried in the dust of the Milky Way. Careful measurement of the colour of stars associated with the nebula indicate that they are dimmed by a factor of about 10 in the green part of the spectrum, much more in the blue, but relatively little at red wavelengths. Some care has been taken to ensure that these images are as close to true - colour as possible / Bridgeman Images
PIX4619380: Nebula NGC 6334 in Scorpio - Cat's Paw nebula (NGC 6334) in Scorpius - The nebula NGC 6334 is located about 5500 years - light from Earth. It is a vast region of star formation. The Cat's Paw Nebula (NGC 6334) is a vast region of star formation. NGC 6334 lies about 5500 light - years from Earth in the constellation of Scorpius. The whole gas cloud is about 50 light - years across. NGC 6334 is one of the most active nurseries of massive stars in our galaxy and has been extensively studied by astronomers / Bridgeman Images
PIX4619393: Nebula NGC 6357 in Scorpio - Nebula NGC 6357 in Scorpius - This nebulae is located about 5500 years - light from Earth. Image made with the 1.2m Telescope of Schmidt UK from Siding Spring. Star - forming region located 5500 light year away / Bridgeman Images
PIX4619445: Nebula M20 in Sagittarius - View of the nebula Trifide (M20/ngc 6514) in the constellation Sagittarius / Bridgeman Images
PIX4619447: Nebula Trifide (M20) in the constellation Sagittarius - Trifid nebula (M20) in Sagittarius - View of the Trifide nebula (M20/NGC 6514) located in the constellation Sagittarius between 5000 and 10,000 years - light from Earth. Image obtained by Siding Spring's 3.9m telescope. The spectacular Trifid nebula (Messier 20) is one of the best known in the sky. It is a striking mixture of brilliant red light emitted from excited hydrogen gas and the soft blue glow of a reflection nebula. The blue arises from starlight, scattered by dust particles between the stars. The size of the particles is minute, similar to those of smoke, which also has a bluish hue. However, the scattered light is not a pure blue, and if we see it through a medium that is yellow (i.e. absorbs blue light) some green colouration remains. This effect can be seen in some of the darker parts of the faint reflection nebula that surrounds the Trifid, where partial absorption of light by foreground dust provides a yellow 'filter', producing shades of green. This image has been photographically enhanced using an unsharp mask / Bridgeman Images
PIX4619455: Nebula Trifide (M20) in the constellation Sagittarius. - Nebula Trifide (M20) in the constellation Sagittarius. - View of the Nebula Trifide (M20/ngc 6514) located in the constellation Sagittarius between 5000 and 10,000 years - light of Earth. Composite image, 9 hours of installation / Bridgeman Images
PIX4619512: Nebula Trifide (M20) in the constellation Sagittarius - Trifid nebula (M20) in Sagittarius - View of the Trifide nebula (M20/NGC 6514) located in the constellation Sagittarius between 5000 and 10,000 years - light from Earth. Measuring some forty light years across, this nebula contains enough gas to make many thousands of suns. Within it a number of young hot stars have already formed. The hottest cause the gas, mostly hydrogen, to emit its characteristic red light. Around the red emission nebula the gas contains many dust grains which preferentially reflect the blue component of starlight. In some parts of the nebula there are so many dust grains that they hide the glowing gas, producing the three dark lanes which give the object its name. Trifid is located in Sagittarius constellation between 5000 and 10 000 light - years away / Bridgeman Images
PIX4619552: Center of the Trifid Nebula (M20) - Center of the Trifid Nebula - The Trifid Nebula (M20) is located between 5000 and 10,000 years - light of the Earth in the constellation of Sagittarius. This image obtained by the Hubble space telescope shows the center of this nebula. A group of bright stars is visible in the center of the image near the dark bands of interstellar dust. These stars are young, blue, massive and extremely hot stars; they are O-type stars and the radiation they emit influence the evolution and structure of the nebula. Trifid Nebula, also known as Messier 20 and NGC 6514, lies within our own Milky Way Galaxy between 5000 and 10 000 light - years from Earth, in the constellation Sagittarius. This image from the Hubble Space Telescope offers a close - up view of the center of the Trifid Nebula, near the intersection of the dust bands, where a group of recently formed, massive, bright stars is easily visible. These stars, which astronomers classify as belonging to the hottest and bluest types of stars called type “” O,””” are releasing a flood of ultraviolet radiation that dramatically influences the structure and evolution of the surrounding nebula / Bridgeman Images
PIX4619560: Nebula Trifide (M20) in the constellation Sagittarius - Trifid nebula (M20) in Sagittarius - View of the Trifide nebula (M20/NGC 6514) located in the constellation Sagittarius between 5000 and 10,000 years - light from Earth. Measuring some forty light years across, this nebula contains enough gas to make many thousands of suns. Within it a number of young hot stars have already formed. The hottest cause the gas, mostly hydrogen, to emit its characteristic red light. Around the red emission nebula the gas contains many dust grains which preferentially reflect the blue component of starlight, and to the north (top) of the nebula can be seen a bright star which illuminates part of the dust to create a region of blue reflection. In some parts of the nebula there are so many dust grains that they hide the glowing gas, producing the three dark lanes which give the object its name. Trifid is located in Sagittarius constellation between 5000 and 10 000 light - years away / Bridgeman Images
PIX4619593: Nebula of the Lagoon (M8) in Sagittarius - The Lagoon nebula (M8) in Sagittarius - View of the Nebula of the Lagoon (M8/NGC 6523). Located in Sagittarius, at a distance of 5800 years - light, it is visible to the naked eye in good conditions. It is a star-forming region illuminated by several large O-type stars that belong to the open cluster NGC 6530 visible towards the center of the image. The brightest part of the nebula is called the hourglass nebula whose gases are excited mainly by two massive supergeant stars Herschel 36 and 9 Sagittarii. M8 has at least 60 Giant B stars, 3 to 4 times more than the Orion Nebula. The Lagoon nebula (M8), can be visible to the unaided eye as a small bright patch above the large Sagittarius star cloud in the Milky Way. The Lagoon nebula is a star - forming region about 5800 light years from us. The nebula is illuminated by several O - type giants within the open cluster NGC 6530 near the center of the nebula. The brightest part of the nebula is known as the “hourglass nebula”” and its gases are excited primarily by two massive O - type supergiants designated Herschel 36 and 9 Sagittarii. At least 60 B - type giants are embedded in the nebula which make M8 3 to 4 times richer in massive stars than the Orion nebula / Bridgeman Images
PIX4619790: Nebulae M20-M8 and NGC 6559 in Sagittarius - Nebulae NGC 6559 Lagoon and Trifid in Sagittarius: View of nebulae of the Lagoon (M8/NGC 6523), bottom, Trifide (M20), top, and NGC 6559 (left). Located in Sagittarius, these nebulae are about 5000 light years away from Earth. Lagoon nebula (bottom), NGC 6559 (bottom left), Trifid (top right) with top left the open cluster M21. These nebulae are located 5000 light years away in Sagittarius constellation. / Bridgeman Images
PIX4615799: March - Opportunity - Cratere Endurance. 05/2004 - Martian crater Endurance seen by Opportunity. 05/2004 - Panorama of 360 degres obtained by Opportunity from 22 to 28 May 2004. The Rover Opportunity landed on Mars in the Meridiani Planum region on January 25, 2004. This 360 - degree panorama shows “” Endurance Crater”” and the surrounding plains of Meridiani Planum on Mars. It took seven sols to complete this panorama (sols 117 - 123), using 81 separate camera positions. The composite shown here is an approximate true - color rendering / Bridgeman Images
PIX4615848: March - Opportunity - Cratere Victoria 09 - 2006 - March: Victoria crater seen from rover Opportunity - Panorama obtained by the rover Opportunity on 28 and 29 September 2006. The Rover Opportunity landed on Mars in the Meridiani Planum region on January 25, 2004. Opportunity reached the Victoria crater on September 27, 2006 after travelling more than 9 km on the surface of Mars. The Victoria crater is about 800 metres wide and its south face on the left is about 6 metres above ground. This image taken by the panoramic camera on the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity shows the view of Victoria Crater from Duck Bay. Opportunity reached Victoria Crater on Sol 951 (September 27, 2006) after traversing 9.28 kilometers (5.77 miles) since her landing site at Eagle Crater. Victoria Crater is roughly 800 meters (one - half mile) wide - - about five times wider than Endurance Crater, and 40 times as wide as Eagle crater. The south face of the 6 meter (20 foot) tall layered Cape Verde promontory can be seen in the left side of the inner crater wall, about 50 meters (about 165 feet) away from the rover at the time of the imaging. The north face of the 15 meter (50 foot) tall stack of layered rocks called Cabo Frio can be seen on the right side of the inner crater wall. This mosaic was taken on Sols 952 and 953 (September 28 and 29, 2006). There are 30 separate pointings through 6 different filters at each pointing / Bridgeman Images
PIX4615862: March - Opportunity - Panorama - 05/2007 - March: D - Star Panorama by Opportunity (False Color) - Panorama in fake colors obtained by the rover Opportunity on 1st May 2007. The Rover Opportunity landed on Mars in the Meridiani Planum region on January 25, 2004. Opportunity reached the Victoria crater (in the background, at the top of the picture) on September 27, 2006 after having travelled more than 9 km on the surface of Mars. On April 29, 2007, the rover tested a new navigation software to optimize its driving. The traces left on Martian soil are visible to the left of the image. The rocks towards the center of the image are 7 to 10 cm high. This view from Opportunity shows the tracks left by a drive executed with more onboard autonomy than has been used on any other drive by a Mars rover. Opportunity made the curving, 15.8 - meter (52 - foot) drive during its 1,160th Martian day, or sol (April 29, 2007). It was testing a navigational capability called “Field D - star,””” which enables the rover to plan optimal long - range drives around any obstacles in order to travel the most direct safe route to the drive's designated destination. Opportunity and its twin, Spirit, did not have this capability until the third year after their January 2004 landings on Mars. Earlier, they could recognize hazards when they approached them closely, then back away and try another angle, but could not always find a safe route away from hazards. Field D - Star and several other upgrades were part of new onboard software uploaded from Earth in 2006. The Sol 1,160 drive by Opportunity was a Martian field test of Field D - Star and also used several other features of autonomy, including visual odometry to track the rover's actual position after each segment of the drive, avoidance of designated keep - out zones, and combining information from two sets of stereo images to consider a wide swath of terrain in analyzing the route. Two days later, on Sol 1,162, (May 1, 2007), Opp / Bridgeman Images
PIX4615891: March: Albor Tholus volcano summit seen in perspective. - This volcano in the region of Elysium has a diameter of 160 km and stands at 4500m. Its caldera seen here measures 30 km in diameter and a depth of 3000m. Image obtained by the Mars Express probe on January 19, 2004 / Bridgeman Images
PIX4615905: March: Olympus Mons Volcano Summit - This volcano has a diameter of 600 km and rises to 27 km. Its caldera view here has a depth of 3000m. Image obtained by the Mars Express probe at an altitude of 273 km on January 21, 2004 / Bridgeman Images
PIX4615979: Mars - The crater that smiles - The Galle crater is 230 km in diameter and is located in the Argyre basin. Assembly of five images obtained by the Mars Express probe from 2004 to 2006 / Bridgeman Images
PIX4616015: March: Caldera of the volcano Apollinaris Patera - This Martian volcano is 180 to 280 km from its base and rises at about 5000 m altitude. Its caldera seen here by the Mars Express probe on October 26, 2004 measures 80 km in diameter and a depth of 1 km / Bridgeman Images
PIX4616076: March: Hebes Chasma - Hebes Chasma is a basin of almost 8000 m deep located in the northern part of Valles Marineris, the great Martian canyon. At the centre of this depression is a stratified plateau that constitutes sedimentary deposits. Perspective image obtained by the Mars Express probe in 2005. Perspective view of Hebes Chasma obtained by the High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) on ESA's Mars Express spacecraft. Hebes Chasma is an enclosed trough, almost 8000 m deep, in Valles Marineris, the Grand Canyon of Mars, where water is believed to have flowed. Hebes Chasma is located at approximately 1* south and 282* east. The HRSC obtained image data on 16 September 2005 with a ground resolution of approximately 15 m/pixel / Bridgeman Images
PIX4616118: March: Promethei Planum - Mars: Promethei Planum - Promethei Planum is a region located near the southern pole of Mars. This region is seasonally covered with a thick layer of ice up to 3500 metres thick. On this image obtained by the Mars Express probe on September 22, 2005, an impact crater about 100 km wide and 800 metres deep is visible to the right (north). It is partially covered with ice. In the center of the image, structures formed by lava flows; on the left of the image, ice, which is an extension of the southern polar cap. Promethei Planum, an area seasonally covered with layer of ice more than 3500 m thick layer of ice in the martian south polar region, was the subject of the High Resolution Stereo Camera's focus on 22 September 2005 as Mars Express was in orbit above the Red Planet. Promethei Planum lies at approximately 76* south and 105* east. An approximately 100 km - large and 800 m - deep impact crater is visible in the northern part of the image. The crater's interior is partly covered in ice. In the centre of the image are structures that may have been created by basaltic lava flow from a volcano. This area is covered in ice. The dark dunes towards the bottom of the image are most likely made up of dust originating from this lava flow or volcanic ash. A broad sheet of ice, which is an extension of the south polar ice cap is located south of the lava flow, to the left in the (nadir) image. The steep flanks clearly show white, clean ice. The thickness of the ice is between 900 and 1100 m / Bridgeman Images
PIX4616128: March: Echus Chasma - Mars: Echus Chasma - Echus Chasma is a valley located north of Valles Marineris. It is about 100 km long and 10 km wide. Detail obtained by the Mars Express probe in September 2005. The High - Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) on board ESA's Mars Express has returned images of Etus Chasma, one of the largest water source regions on the Red Planet. Echus Chasma is the source region of Kasei Valles which extends 3000 km to the north. The data was acquired on 25 September 2005. The pictures are centred at about 1* north and 278* east and have a ground resolution of approximately 17 m/pixel / Bridgeman Images
PIX4616168: Mars: craters and channels in Hephaestus Fossae - Mars: craters and channels in Hephaestus Fossae - Impact crateres and channel system in Hephaestus Fossae, a region on Mars located on the western flank of Elysium Mons. Close-up of a large impact crater measuring 20 km in diameter. The image was obtained by the Mars Express probe on December 28, 2007. This image of Hephaestus Fossae was obtained by Esa's Mars Express orbiter on 28 December 2007. The region is dotted with craters and channel systems and lies at about 21* North and 126* East on the Red Planet. Named after the Greek god of fire, Hephaestus Fossae extends for more than 600 km on the western flank of Elysium Mons in the Utopia Planitia region. The image shows a large impact crater measuring 20 km in diameter. It shows a blanket of ejecta with flow forms surrounding the rim / Bridgeman Images
PIX4616255: Mars - Phobos satellite - Martian moon Phobos - View of the Phobos satellite over the Mars blade obtained by the Mars Express probe on 10 January 2007. An image of Phobos by the High - Resolution Stereo Camera on board Mars Express on 10 January 2007. The larger and inner of the two martian moons is seen here floating just above the martian limb. The image has been enhanced slightly to bring out the detail on the moon / Bridgeman Images
PIX4616280: Mars - Phobos Satellite - Martian moon Phobos - View of the Phobos satellite obtained by the Mars Express probe on March 7, 2010. The resolution is 4.4 meters per pixel. Mars Express took this image of the surface of the moon Phobos on 7 March 2010. The resolution is about 4.4 m/pixel / Bridgeman Images
PIX4616291: Mars - Valles Marineris - Mosaic of 500 infrared images obtained by the Mars Odyssey probe. This image shows Valles Marineris, a canyon about 4500 km long and 8 km deep. Image covers an area of 3000 km Faux colors / Bridgeman Images
PIX4616438: March: Victoria crater. - March: Victoria Crater at Meridiani Planum - View of the Victoria crater obtained by the HIRISE camera on board the Mars Reconnaissance orbiter probe. This crater is 800 meters in diameter. The opportunity rover reached this crater on September 27, 2006. After exploring about a quarter of the crater's edges, the rover descended almost a year later to begin an exploration of the crater's interior. Victoria Crater, about 800 meters (one - half mile) in diameter, has been home ground for Nasa's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity for more 14 of the rover's first 46 months on Mars. Opportunity first reached the crater's rim on Sept. 27, 2006, during the 951st Martian day, or sol, of the rover's work in the Meridian Planum region of Mars. The rover then explored clockwise about one - fourth of the way around the rim before returning to a point close to its first overlook. On the mission's 1,293rd sol (Sept. 13, 2007), Opportunity began a sustained exploration of the interior of the crater, entering at an alcove called “” Duck Bay””” on the western side of Victoria. Image obtained from the HIRISE camera aboard the Mars Reconnaissance orbiter / Bridgeman Images
PIX4616592: March - Satellite Phobos - Martian moon Phobos - View of the satellite Phobos obtained on March 23, 2008 at a distance of 5800 km from the satellite / Bridgeman Images
PIX4616660: The Phoenix probe on its landing site - Phoenix landing site, cylindrical projection - Mosaic of images in cylindrical projection showing the Phoenix probe placed on Mars. The location of the ground through the probe arm is visible in the right part of the image. The probe landed on a vast plain north of the planet in the Vastitas Borealis region on 25 May 2008. She took and analyzed samples of Martian soil and confirmed the presence of water on Mars. This view combines more than 400 images taken during the first several weeks after Nasa's Phoenix Mars Lander arrived on an arctic plain at 62.22 degrees north latitude, 234.25 degrees east longitude on Mars. The full - circle panorama in approximately true color shows the polygonal patterning of ground at the landing area, similar to patterns in permafrost areas on Earth. The center of the image is the westward part of the scene. Trenches where Phoenix's robotic arm has been exposing subsurface material are visible in the right half of the image. The spacecraft's meteorology mast, topped by the telltale wind gauge, extends into the sky portion of the panorama. This view includes more than 100 different camera pointings, with images taken through three different filters at each pointing. It is presented here as a cylindrical projection / Bridgeman Images
PIX4616696: The Phoenix probe on its landing site - Phoenix landing site - Mosaic of polar projection images showing the Phoenix probe placed on Martian soil. The black circle corresponds to the position of the probe camera. The hundreds of clicks needed to make this image were taken between June 5 and July 12, 2008. Phoenix landed on a vast plain north of Mars, in the Vastitas Borealis region. This view is a polar projection that combines more than 500 exposures taken by the Surface Stereo Imager camera on Nasa's Mars Phoenix Lander and projects them as if looking down from above. The black circle on the spacecraft is where the camera itself is mounted on the lander, out of view in images taken by the camera. North is toward the top of the image. The lander's meteorology mast extends above the southwest horzon and is topped by the telltale wind gauge. The ground surface around the lander has polygonal patterning similar to patterns in permafrost areas on Earth. The landing site is at 68.22 degrees north latitude, 234.25 degrees east longitude on Mars. This view in approximately true color includes more than 100 different Stereo Surface Imager pointings, with images taken through three different filters at each pointing. The images were taken throughout the period from the 13th Martian day, or sol, after landing to the 47th sol (June 5 through July 12, 2008) / Bridgeman Images
PIX4616896: Mars with water - Artist's view - Wet Mars - Artwork - View of the region of Kasei Vallis sur Mars at the time when the water was present on the surface of the planet. Kasei Vallis as it may once have been during an early, wet period in March history / Bridgeman Images
